Single channel microstimulator

• US 5,314,458 A
• Filed: 05/24/1993
• Issued: 05/24/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Michigan
• Original Assignee: University of Michigan
• Inventors: Najafi, Khalil, Wise, Kensall D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SCHAETZLE, KENNEDY
• Application Number:
  US08/066,925
• Time in Patent Office: 365 Days
• Field of Search: 607/116, 607/115, 607/2, 607/60, 607/61, 607/148, 607/41, 607/40, 607/42, 607/53, 128/903, 128/642, 623/11, 623/24, 623/901
• US Class Current: 607/116
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37205 Microstimulators, e.g. implantable through a cannula
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37223 Circuits for electromagnetic coupling
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 characterised by the modulation technique
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/903 Radio telemetry
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 623/901 Method of manufacturing prosthetic device

Abstract

An implantable microstimulator system employs a miniature ferrite-cored coil contained with an hermetically sealed housing to receive control signals and operating power from an RF telemetry system. The tiny coil receives the electromagnetic energy which is transmitted from a non-implantable transmitter which generates a code-modulated carrier. Demodulator circuitry in the implantable microcircuit is employed to extract the control information, while applying the electromagnetic energy to power the electronic circuitry therein and charge a capacitor which will provide the electrical stimulation to the living being. The electrical stimulation is delivered by a stimulating electrode which has a waffle-like configuration whereby a plurality of iridium oxide electrode pads, coupled in parallel, so as to be characterized by a long effective edge distance, transfer the stimulating charge. The electrical components of the implantable microstimulator are contained within an hermetically sealed housing formed of a glass capsule which is electrostatically bonded to a silicon substrate.

Claims

1. An electrical stimulator system for delivering a controlled electrical stimulation into the body of a living being, the system comprising:

a non-implantable portion, said non-implantable portion being provided with;

code generator means for producing a coded information; and

transmitter means for transmitting an electromagnetic energy signal, said electromagnetic energy signal containing said coded information;

an implantable portion comprising a silicon substrate upon which are provided;

a receiver coil for receiving said electromagnetic energy signal;

code detector means coupled to said receiver coil for detecting coded information contained in said electromagnetic energy signal;

energy storage means coupled to said receiver coil for storing electrical energy obtained from said electromagnetic energy signal;

a housing cover having an edge portion which is bonded to a surface of said silicon substrate to form an hermetically sealed housing with said silicon substrate, said receiver coil, said code detector means, and said energy storage means being arranged in said hermetically sealed housing;

stimulator electrode means formed directly on said surface of said silicon substrate coupled to said energy storage means for coupling electrically with the living being, said stimulator electrode means being formed of a plurality of electrode subportions, said stimulator electrode means being arranged exterior of said hermetically sealed housing; and

electrical coupling means for coupling said stimulator electrode means electrically to the interior of said hermetically sealed housing, said electrical coupling means comprising thin metallic conductor means interposed intermediate of said silicon substrate and said edge portion of said housing cover bonded thereto.

2. The electrical stimulator system of claim 1 wherein there is further provided reference electrode means formed directly on said silicon substrate and coupled to said energy storage means for coupling electrically with the living being.

3. The electrical stimulator system of claim 1 wherein said transmitter means comprises a transmitter coil, said transmitter coil being adapted to surround said receiver coil during transmission of said electromagnetic energy signal.

4. The electrical stimulator system of claim 1 wherein there are provided a plurality of said implantable portions and said coded information comprises address information for identifying a predetermined one of said implantable portions.

5. The electrical stimulator system of claim 1 wherein said implantable portion is further provided with demodulator means for separating said coded information in said electromagnetic energy signal from a carrier component of said electromagnetic energy signal.

6. The electrical stimulator system of claim 1 wherein said stimulator electrode means is formed of a plurality of electrode sites coupled electrically in parallel for increasing an effective length of electrode edge, whereby edge current density is maintained below a predetermined value.

7. An implantable prosthetic arrangement for delivering a stimulating electrical energy and information to the interior of the body of a living being, the implantable prosthetic arrangement comprising:

a radio-frequency antenna in the form of a miniature receiver coil for receiving electromagnetic energy which is transformed into the electrical energy and which contains the information for controlling the delivery of the electrical energy;

energy storage means coupled to said radio frequency antenna for storing electrical energy obtained from said electromagnetic energy signal;

a silicon substrate for supporting said radio frequency antenna and said energy storage means on a surface thereof;

a housing cover having an edge portion bonded to said silicon substrate to form an hermetically sealed housing, said radio-frequency antenna and said energy storage means coupled thereto being arranged in said hermetically sealed housing;

stimulator electrode means formed directly on said silicon substrate and coupled to said energy storage means for coupling electrically with the living being, said stimulator electrode means being formed of a plurality of electrode subportions; and

coupling means for electrically coupling said stimulator electrode means to the interior of said hermetically sealed housing, said coupling means being formed of thin metallic conductor means interposed in the region where said silicon substrate and said housing cover edge portion are bonded to one another so as to extend along said surface of said silicon substrate from the interior to the outside of said hermetically sealed housing.

8. The arrangement of claim 7 wherein said miniature receiver coil is formed of approximately 180 turns of 40 gauge wire.

9. The arrangement of claim 7 wherein there is further provided a non-implantable transmitter coil for transmitting the electromagnetic energy and inducing an electrical current in said miniature receiver coil.

10. The arrangement of claim 9 wherein said transmitter coil and said miniature receiver coil are arranged substantially coaxially with respect to one another.

11. The arrangement of claim 7 wherein there is further provided demodulator means coupled electrically to said miniature receiver coil for separating an information signal component from a carrier component of a radio-frequency signal received by said miniature receiver coil.

12. The arrangement of claim 11 wherein there is further provided decoder means for deciphering the information in the information signal component, and the electrical energy stored in said energy storage means is obtained from the carrier component of the radio-frequency signal.