Microelectronic interface

• US 5,314,495 A
• Filed: 11/04/1992
• Issued: 05/24/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Inventors: Kovacs, Gregory T. A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SCHAETZLE, KENNEDY
• Application Number:
  US07/971,395
• Time in Patent Office: 566 Days
• Field of Search: 607/1, 607/48, 607/49, 607/59, 607/62, 607/118, 623/11, 623/14, 623/24, 623/25, 128/733, 128/732, 128/782
• US Class Current: 623/25
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1128 of nerves
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/583 Hands; Wrist joints
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0551 Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3605 Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37205 Microstimulators, e.g. implantable through a cannula
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37211 Means for communicating with stimulators

Abstract

A microelectrode interface is disclosed for localizing the stimulation and recording of action potentials at a portion of a nervous system. The shapes of the electrodes are such that the number of ion flux lines actually intersecting a portion of the nervous system to be stimulated is increased or even maximized. This is accomplished by choosing microelectrodes of the shape such that they are at least as large in dimension at locations away from the other microelectrode as are locations close to the other microelectrode. The microelectrodes are on one side of a chip so that it is possible to stimulate a portion of the central nervous system by placing the microelectrodes alongside the portion. By employing microelectrodes on both sides of a chip or plate, the nervous system can be stimulated in a bipolar mode as well as the unipolar mode. The microelectrode on the back side also reduces noise. A circuit is disclosed for applying current only to one or more selected pairs of microelectrodes in an array of microelectrodes. Row and column select lines, switches and multiplexes are used for passing current only between pairs of microelectrodes at selected locations in the array for stimulating a portion of a nervous system only at selected locations.

Claims

1. A prosthetic device for replacing a portion of a person'"'"'s body, said portion used for performing mechanical movements, said device comprising:

a structure adapted for performing substantially at least one predetermined mechanical movement of the portion;

a neural interface in the body connected to a nerve for controlling movements of the portion, said interface detecting neural messages in the nerve;

means within the body for transmitting the neural messages detected by the interface;

means for storing at least one pattern of neural messages corresponding to the predetermined movement of the structure;

means for receiving the transmitted neural messages;

means for comparing said one pattern with the neural messages received, said comparing means providing an enabling signal when the received neural messages match said one pattern; and

means for controlling the movements of the structure, said controlling means responsive to the enabling signal for causing the structure to perform substantially the predetermined movement.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said storing means stores two or more patterns of neural messages, each pattern indicating a predetermined movement of the portion, wherein when the comparing means determines that the neural messages matches one of the patterns, it provides a corresponding enabling signal, and wherein the controlling means responds to said predetermined enabling signal to cause the structure to perform the predetermined movement indicated by said one of the patterns.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the interface includes an array of pairs of microelectrodes, said array connected to the nerve so that each pair of microelectrodes is located to detect action potentials in an axon in the nerve, said action potentials detected by the array within a predetermined sampling time period defining the neural messages detected by the interface.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein said comparing means matches the stored pattern with the received neural messages by a correlation technique.

5. The device of claim 1, said comparing means including at least one matched filter.

6. A method for controlling a structure which replaces a portion of a person'"'"'s body, said portion used for performing mechanical movements, said structure adapted for performing substantially at least one predetermined mechanical movement of the portion, said method controlling the structure with the aid of a neural interface in the body connected to a nerve for controlling movements of the portion, said interface detecting neural messages in the nerve, and the aid of means within the body for transmitting the neural messages detected by the interface, said method comprising:

storing at least one pattern of neural messages corresponding to the predetermined movement of the structure;

receiving the transmitted neural messages;

comparing said one pattern with the neural messages received, and providing an enabling signal when the received neural messages match said one pattern; and

controlling the movements of the structure in response to the enabling signal and causing the structure to perform substantially the predetermined movement.