Liquid natural gas and compressed natural gas total fueling system

• US 5,315,831 A
• Filed: 01/22/1993
• Issued: 05/31/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Varco I/P Incorporated (NOV, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hydra-Rig, Inc. (NOV, Inc.)
• Inventors: Lance, Raymond E., Hoyle, Michael D., Goode, John E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Capossela, Ronald C.
• Application Number:
  US08/009,210
• Time in Patent Office: 494 Days
• Field of Search: 222/330, 95/237, 137/210, 137/567, 123/525, 123/527, 141/4, 141/82, 62/7, 62/50.1, 62/50.2
• US Class Current: 62/611
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 43/00 Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines engines characterised by the gas-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B7/06; engines convertible from gas to other fuel consumption F02B69/04
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0332 Safety valves or pressure relief valves
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/014 Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/033 Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0123 gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0161 cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/033 Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/036 Very high pressure (>80 bar)
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0135 Pumps
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0157 Compressors
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0316 Water heating
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0393 using a vaporiser
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/04 Methods for emptying or filling
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/043 Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0439 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0443 Flow or movement of content
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0626 Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0631 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0636 Flow or movement of content
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2260/056 Improving fluid characteristics
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2265/065 : for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0139 : Fuel stations
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 5/007 : for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles filling with liquid fuel not under pressure, B60S5/02, B67D7/00
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 5/06 : for filling with compressed gases
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 9/04 : Recovery of thermal energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 : Improving ICE efficiencies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/30 : Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/313 : Gas carried by or evolved from liquid
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/86163 : Parallel

Abstract

In a combined liquid natural gas and compressed natural gas fueling station, liquid natural gas is stored in a cryogenic tank and dispensed to vehicles on demand. Compressed natural gas is produced on demand from the liquid natural gas by a high-efficiency pump and vaporizer system and dispensed directly to vehicles or stored for later dispensing. For greater efficiency, the pump and vaporizer system is powered by combustion of natural gas, including gas bled off to relieve pressure from the cryogenic tank.

Claims

1. A natural gas fueling station apparatus for dispensing both liquid natural gas and compressed natural gas to natural gas vehicles or other suitable containers comprising:

a first storage tank for storing liquid natural gas from which to supply the natural gas filling station with natural gas;

a first dispenser for dispensing liquid natural gas;

means for producing, from liquid natural gas, compressed natural gas;

a second dispenser for dispensing compressed natural gas; and

,

the first dispenser and the means for producing being supplied with liquid natural gas from the first storage tank by a liquid natural gas conduit, the second dispenser being supplied with compressed natural gas from the means for producing by a means for supplying compressed natural gas.

2. The natural gas fueling station of claim 1 wherein the means for producing includes a work producing system powered by natural gas.

3. The natural gas fueling station of claim 1 wherein the compressed natural gas supplying system further comprises:

a second storage tank for storing compressed natural gas produced by the pump and means for producing;

a first compressed natural gas conduit for supplying the second storage tank with compressed natural gas from the means for producing; and

a second compressed natural gas conduit for supplying the second dispenser with compressed natural gas from the second storage tank.

4. The natural gas fueling station of claim 1 wherein the means for producing includes a gas-fired water heater for supplying heated water to a heat exchanger for heating liquid natural gas.

5. The natural gas fueling station of claim 4 wherein the means for producing further includes an electric pump for compressing the liquid natural gas for the storage tank prior to heating the liquid natural gas.

6. The natural gas fueling station of claim 1 wherein the means for producing includes means for heating liquid natural gas with waste heat produced by another process.

7. The natural gas fueling station of claim 1 wherein the storage tank includes a venting system, means for collecting and delivering natural gas vented from the storage tank to a pipeline.

8. The natural gas fueling station of claim 1 further including means for condensing natural gas in the storage tank to relieve pressure within the tank.

9. A method of supplying both liquid natural gas and compressed natural gas from the same station for dispensing to natural gas vehicles or other suitable containers comprising the steps of:

delivering liquid natural gas to a storage tank;

dispensing liquid natural gas from the storage tank on demand to a first vehicle requiring liquid natural gas through a first dispenser;

vaporizing liquid natural gas from the storage tank to produce compressed natural gas on demand; and

dispensing the compressed natural gas to a second vehicle requiring compressed natural gas through a second dispenser.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of vaporizing includes pressurizing the liquid natural gas with a pump and heating the compressed liquid natural gas to produce compressed natural gas.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of heating includes heating water with a water heater and transferring the heat in the water to the liquid natural gas to vaporize it.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of vaporizing includes heating the liquid natural gas with waste given off by a process separate from that of the method.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of vaporizing includes transferring heat from steam to the liquid natural gas.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of vaporizing includes transferring heat produced by combustion of natural gas to the liquid natural gas.

15. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of vaporizing includes transferring heat of ambient air to the liquid natural gas.

16. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of condensing natural gas in the storage tank using a condenser disposed in the tank to avoid venting natural gas into the atmosphere when pressure in the tank reaches unsafe levels.

17. The method of claim 9 further including the steps of venting natural gas from the storage tank to relieve pressure, and providing the gas to a natural gas pipeline system.

18. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of vaporizing includes:

pressurizing the liquid natural gas with a pump driven by an internal combustion engine; and

,

vaporizing the pressurized liquid natural gas with heat produced by the internal combustion engine.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of providing, when needed for vaporization at desired pressures and rates, heat from the internal combustion engine in excess of the heat produced by the pumping load by:

variably loading the internal combustion engine with a dynamometer according to the demand for heat; and

,

using the heat produced in the dynamometer fluid for vaporizing the pressurized liquid natural gas, in addition to the heat produced directly by the internal combustion engine.

20. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of storing the compressed natural gas in a second storage tank wherein the step of dispensing to a second vehicle includes dispensing compressed natural gas on demand from the second storage tank to the second vehicle requiring compressed natural gas through the second dispenser.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the step of vaporizing includes the step of combusting natural gas and heating the liquid natural gas with heat produced from the combustion.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein vaporizing includes:

pressurizing the liquid natural gas with a pump driven by an internal combustion engine; and

vaporizing the pressurized liquid natural gas with heat produced by the internal combustion engine.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein the step of vaporizing includes the step of heating the liquid natural gas with the heat produced from an unsteady source.