High efficiency tissue stimulating and signal sensing electrode
First Claim
1. An implantable pacing lead for use with a cardiac pacemaker comprising:
- an electrical conductor having a proximal end and a distal end;
an insulative sheath covering said conductor;
an electrical connector coupled to said proximal end of said conductor; and
an electrode coupled to said distal end of said conductor, said electrode having an electrode tip geometry macrostructure defining at least two plateau sections separated by at least one recessed groove section, said plateau sections and said recessed groove section including surfaces having affixed thereto at least one layer of generally spheroidal conductive particles, said spheroidal particles coated with a layer of nonmetallic material selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, iridium oxide, titanium oxide, platinum oxide, palladium oxide and activated forms of carbon, said layer of material having a surface morphology which results in a porosity of greater than about fifty percent.
2 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A pacing lead having a porous electrode of platinum-iridium with recessed areas or grooves formed into the surface. The grooves allow for acute electrode stabilization as a result of clot formation and endocardial tissue capture during insertion and immediate immobilization upon implant. At least one layer of a porous coating of 20-200 micron diameter spherical particles are deposited on the surface of the base electrode to obtain a porous macrostructure for promoting chronic tissue ingrowth. Additionally, a microstructure surface coating is applied to increase the active surface area and enhance electrical efficiency by lowering electrochemical polarization and increasing electrical capacitance.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. An implantable pacing lead for use with a cardiac pacemaker comprising:
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an electrical conductor having a proximal end and a distal end; an insulative sheath covering said conductor; an electrical connector coupled to said proximal end of said conductor; and an electrode coupled to said distal end of said conductor, said electrode having an electrode tip geometry macrostructure defining at least two plateau sections separated by at least one recessed groove section, said plateau sections and said recessed groove section including surfaces having affixed thereto at least one layer of generally spheroidal conductive particles, said spheroidal particles coated with a layer of nonmetallic material selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, iridium oxide, titanium oxide, platinum oxide, palladium oxide and activated forms of carbon, said layer of material having a surface morphology which results in a porosity of greater than about fifty percent. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. An implantable pacing lead for use with a cardiac pacemaker comprising:
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an electrical conductor having a proximal end and a distal end; an insulative sheath covering said conductor; an electrical connector affixed to said proximal end of said conductor; and an electrode assembly affixed to said distal end of said conductor, said electrode assembly including a porous electrode distal tip having a polarization index PI which is less than 100 mV/mm2. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of forming an implantable pacing lead for use with a cardiac pacemaker comprising:
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providing an electrical conductor having a proximal end and a distal end; covering said conductor in an insulative sheath; coupling an electrical connector to said proximal end of said conductor; forming an electrode having an electrode tip geometry macrostructure defining at least two plateau sections separated by at least one recessed groove section; affixing to said plateau sections and said recessed groove section a plurality of generally spherical conductive particles; coating said particles with a layer of nonmetallic material selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, palladium, platinum oxide, iridium oxide, and activated carbon; and coupling said electrode to said distal end of said conductor. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24)
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Specification