Activity sensing pacemaker

• US 5,318,596 A
• Filed: 11/13/1991
• Issued: 06/07/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Exonic Corporation
• Inventors: Jimenez, Oscar, Barreras, Francisco J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SCHAETZLE, KENNEDY
• Application Number:
  US07/791,423
• Time in Patent Office: 937 Days
• Field of Search: 128/419 PG, 128/782, 128/670, 128/419 P, 128/774, 128/739, 128/740, 607/19, 607/18, 607/17
• US Class Current: 607/19
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36542 controlled by body motion, e.g. acceleration

Abstract

The activity sensing pacemaker comprises: a heart pulse sensing device for sensing heart pulses; pulse generating circuitry for generating pacing pulses; activity sensing structure and circuitry for sensing activity/movement of a patient wearing the pacemaker in one or more of three directions/dimensions, x, y, z, and for causing the pulse generating circuitry to generate pacing pulses at a rate/frequency related to the movements sensed; and, control circuitry coupled to the heart pulse sensing device, to the pulse generating circuitry and to the activity sensing structure and circuitry for controlling the pulse generating circuitry in response to the heart pulses sensed or in response to the patient movements sensed, the activity sensing structure and circuitry causing generation of control pulses related to the movements of the patient and the control circuitry including frequency sensing circuitry for sensing the frequency of the control pulses generated and for controlling the rate/frequency of the pacing pulses generated by the pulse generating circuitry relative to the frequency of the control pulses generated by the movements of the patient in one or more directions/dimensions, x, y, z, independent of the duration or amplitude of the control pulses.

Claims

1. An activity sensing pacemaker comprising:

heart pulse sensing means for sensing heart pulses;

pulse generating means for generating pacing pulses;

activity sensing means for sensing body movements of a patient wearing said pacemaker relative to the chest of the patient in specific ones of three dimensions/directions extending along an x axis, a y axis, or a z axis, and independent of the force of gravity, said activity sensing means including first means for sensing activity along a first one of said three axes and second means for sensing activity along a second one of said three axes; and

,

control means coupled to said heart pulse sensing means, to said pulse generating means and to said activity sensing means for controlling the pacing frequency of the pacing pulses generated by said pulse generating means either in response to the intrinsic heart rhythm of the patient sensed by said heart pulse sensing means or in response to the direction and frequency of the patient'"'"'s body motions sensed by said activity sensing means in or along at least two of said three axes, x, y, or z, relative to the patient'"'"'s chest.

2. The pacemaker of claim 1 wherein said activity sensing means includes a third means for sensing activity along said third axis.

3. The pacemaker of claim 1 wherein said first means and said second means for sensing activity along one of said respective axes are each defined by a piezoelectric element mounted transverse to the respective axis along which activity is to be sensed for, generating electrical signals when there is movement of the pacemaker along the axis causing movement of the piezoelectric element.

4. The pacemaker of claim 1 wherein said activity sensing means includes at least one plate and said first means and said second means comprises piezoelectric elements which are each mounted transverse to two separate axes of the plate transverse to each other.

5. The pacemaker of claim 4 wherein said plate has a hole therein and said first piezoelectric element forming said first means has a portion thereof mounted over said hole so that it can flex in an axis that intersects said hole and is transverse to the plane of the plate.

6. The pacemaker of claim 5 wherein said second piezoelectric element extends outwardly from said plate where it is free to move in an axis generally parallel to the plane of the plate.

7. The pacemaker of claim 5 wherein said activity sensing means includes a third means for sensing activity along said third axis and said third means comprises a piezoelectric element extending transversely of the plate and positioned to move along an axis transverse to said second axis and also transverse to said first axis.

8. The pacemaker of claim 7 wherein said plate is generally rectangular and has notches in two side edges thereof and said second and third piezoelectric elements have a base tab which is mounted adjacent one of said notches with an elongate leg portion containing the piezoelectric element extending outwardly within said notch from the plane of said plate.

9. The pacemaker of claim 7 wherein said plate has an x axis, a y axis and a z axis extending transversely of said plate and said first piezoelectric element is positioned to move in said hole in said plate along said Z axis of said plate, said second piezoelectric element is positioned to move along an axis in a plane parallel to said X axis of said plate and said third piezoelectric element is positioned for movement along an axis in a plane parallel to said Y axis of said plate.

10. The pacemaker of claim 7 wherein said plate is nonmetallic and has conductive strips printed thereon which are connected to said first, second and third piezoelectric elements.

11. The pacemaker of claim 1 wherein said activity sensing means includes two spaced apart plates which are connected together and parallel spaced apart by several connector spacing elements, said first plate has a hole therein and said first means for sensing activity along a first axis comprises a piezoelectric film extending across said hole in said first plate and having a weight in the middle thereof for movement toward and away from said hole in said first plate.

12. The pacemaker of claim 11 wherein said second means for sensing activity along a second axis comprises a piezoelectric film that is mounted between said two plates and has a weight intermediate the ends thereof which is positioned for movement along an axis in a plane extending between said two plates.

13. The pacemaker of claim 12 including a third means for sensing activity along a third axis, said third means comprising a piezoelectric element which extends between said first and second plates and includes a piezoelectric film extending between said two plates and having a weight intermediate the ends thereof which is movable along an axis in the plane between the two plates with said third axis being transverse to said second axis and to said first axis.

15. The pacemaker of claim 1 wherein said activity sensing means further includes third means for sensing activity along a third axis which is transverse to the first axis and to the second axis, and wherein said control means includes multiplexing means for selecting or multiplexing the signals from each of said first, second and third means respectively whereby said pulse generating means is controlled relative to activity/movement in one, two or three axes or all the axes along which means for sensing activity/movement are provided in said pacemaker.

16. The pacemaker of claim 15 wherein said control means comprises at least three input lines, an electronic switch in each input line, and a program memory which has outputs coupled to said multiplexing means and to said switches in each one of said input lines from said first, second and third sensing means.

17. The pacemaker of claim 16 wherein said first, second and third means are defined by piezoelectric elements each having an output connected to one of said input lines.

18. The pacemaker of claim 16 wherein said control means further includes data pick up means coupled to said program memory for noninvasively picking up data instructions from a data sending means located outside of the body of the wearer of said pacemaker.

19. The pacemaker of claim 18 wherein said data pick up means includes a programming pick up coil.

20. The pacemaker of claim 19 wherein said data pick up means further includes a receiver amplifier/demodulator coupled between said programming pick up coil and said program memory.

21. The pacemaker of claim 16 wherein said control means includes an operating program in said program memory and a programmable monostable multivibrator which has an output for output pulses, which operates in an AND mode or in an OR mode, which has inputs coupled to the input lines from said first, second and third sensing means and which has control input lines from said program memory for charge level, for voltage level and for pulse width coupled thereto for setting the trigger level at the inputs from said sensing means elements, for setting the monostable multivibrator in an AND mode or in an OR mode, and for controlling the charge output or pulse energy content of output pulses from an output of said monostable multivibrator.

22. The pacemaker of claim 21 wherein said control means includes means in said program memory and said multivibrator for enabling said multivibrator to pass only signals received relative to activity/movement along one axis or two axes or all axes and/or for requiring that there be signals on all three axes in order for there to be output pulses at said output of said monostable multivibrator.

23. The pacemaker of claim 21 wherein said control means further comprises a stimulus pulse generator having an output terminal and an inhibit terminal both adapted to be coupled to a cardiac pacing lead and having inputs coupled to said program memory, a rate timing circuit having inputs coupled to said program memory and an output coupled to said stimulus pulse generator, an integrating circuit coupled to said output of said monostable multivibrator, and a bistable oscillator having a control input coupled to said integrating circuit and an output coupled to a reset and trigger terminal of said rate timing circuit.

24. The pacemaker of claim 23 including a current throttling electronic switch and wherein said control input is a gate of said current throttling electronic switch in said bistable oscillator that is coupled to said integrating circuit and said integrating circuit includes an RC charging circuit including a capacitor and an RC discharge circuit including the same capacitor and the positive side of said capacitor being coupled to said gate of said electronic current throttling switch in said bistable multivibrator.

25. The pacemaker of claim 24 wherein said integrating circuit includes a resistor, a diode and said capacitor connected in series and coupled between said output of said monostable multivibrator and a system ground or common, and said RC circuit includes a second resistor connected in parallel across said capacitor.

26. The pacemaker of claim 24 wherein said heart pulse sensing means senses heart pulses by means of a conductor in a pacing lead and said bistable oscillator includes a NOR gate having an output and three inputs one being a feedback input from said bistable oscillator, another being a reset input from said conductor in said pacing lead which senses heart pulses and a second reset input which is connected to said output from said stimulus pulse generator, said current throttling electronic switch being a field effect transistor having said gate thereof coupled to said capacitor in said integrating circuit, a drain coupled to said output of said NOR gate and a source coupled through a resistor to said feedback line to said NOR gate, an inverter having an input coupled to said output of said NOR gate and an output that defines the output of said bistable oscillator which is coupled to said reset and trigger input terminal of said rate timing circuit, a capacitor which is coupled between said inverter/oscillator output and said feedback line to said NOR gate, a resistor and diode coupled in series across said inverter and capacitor, said diode being coupled to said feedback line to one of said inputs to said NOR gate.

14. The pacemaker of claim 14 wherein said first axis is a Z axis of each plate, said second axis extends parallel to the X axis of each plate, and the third axis extends parallel to the Y axis of each plate.

27. An activity sensing pacemaker comprising:

heart pulse sensing means for sensing heart pulses;

pulse generating means for generating pacing pulses;

activity sensing means for sensing activity/movement of a patient wearing said pacemaker in one or more of three directions/dimensions, x, y, z, and for causing said pulse generating means to generate pacing pulses at a rate/frequency related to the movements sensed; and

,

control means coupled to said heart pulse sensing means, to said pulse generating means and to said activity sensing means for controlling said pulse generating means in response to the heart pulses sensed or in response to the patient movements sensed, said activity sensing means causing generation of control pulses related to the movements of the patient and said control means including frequency sensing means for sensing the frequency of the control pulses generated and for controlling the rate/frequency of the pacing pulses generated by said pulse generating means relative to the frequency of said control pulses generated by the movements of the patient in one or more directions/dimensions, x, y, z, independent of the duration or amplitude of said control pulses.

28. The pacemaker of claim 27 wherein said frequency sensing means include a monostable multivibrator coupled to said activity sensing means and an integrating circuit coupled to said multivibrator.

29. The pacemaker of claim 28 wherein said pulse generating means comprises a stimulus pulse generator and said control means further include a rate timing circuit having a trigger and reset input and being coupled to said stimulus pulses generator, and a bistable oscillator having a control input coupled to an output of said integrating circuit and an output coupled to said trigger and reset input of said rate timing circuit.

30. The pacemaker of claim 29 wherein said bistable oscillator includes a NOR gate having three inputs including a first input coupled to said stimulus pulse generator for receiving pacing pulses from said stimulus pulse generator, a second input coupled to said heart pulse sensing means for receiving heart pulses from the heart of the patient, and a third feedback input coupled to said bistable oscillator for receiving an output from said bistable oscillator.