Laser system and method employing a nonimaging concentrator

• US 5,323,414 A
• Filed: 04/24/1992
• Issued: 06/21/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Electro Scientific Industries Incorporated (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Electro Scientific Industries Incorporated (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Inventors: Baird, Brian, Sun, Yunlong, DeFreez, Richard
• Primary Examiner(s): Davie, James W.
• Application Number:
  US07/873,449
• Time in Patent Office: 788 Days
• Field of Search: 372/75, 372/69, 372/70, 372/72
• US Class Current: 372/75
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/025 of solid state lasers, e.g. housings or mountings
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0604 in the form of a plate or disc
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/09415 the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/16 Solid materials

Abstract

A laser system uses a high-power diode laser in cooperation with a nonimaging concentrator to end pump a relatively thin, solid-state, highly doped lasant. The laser system generates a very high density of excited ions in the lasant mode volume to produce high peak power pulses having comparable magnitudes over a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies.

Claims

1. A laser system, comprising:

a large-area pumping source and a lasant; and

a nonimaging concentrator positioned in proximity to said pumping source and between said pumping source and said lasant along an optic axis and including a dielectric material having an internally reflective boundary surface of selected shape extending between an input surface and a smaller output surface, said nonimaging concentrator having a refractive index selected for collecting light generated by said pumping source and cooperating with said selected shape of said boundary surface to concentrate said collected light to form a concentrated light beam transmitted from said output surface and propagated along said optic axis into said lasant.

2. The laser system of claim 1 in which said nonimaging concentrator is end-coupled to said lasant.

3. The laser system of claim 1 in which said nonimaging concentrator has a profile with a cylindrical lens ground onto its input aperture.

4. The laser system of claim 1 in which said nonimaging concentrator has a substantially parabolic taper.

5. The laser system of claim 1 in which said nonimaging concentrator has a substantially conical shape with a substantially linear taper.

6. The laser system of claim 1 in which said pumping source comprises a diode laser having an active emitting region and said input surface of said nonimaging concentrator has a surface area that is larger than that of said active emitting region of said diode laser.

7. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant comprises a mode volume having an input region and said output surface of said nonimaging concentrator has a surface area that is smaller than that of said input region of said mode volume.

8. The laser system of claim 1 in which said coupling of the light generated by said pumping source is efficient.

9. The laser system of claim 1 further comprising a Q-switch.

10. The laser system of claim 1 in which said pumping source comprises a diode laser that generates greater than about 1 watt of power.

11. The laser system of claim 1 in which said pumping source comprises a diode laser that generates greater than 3 watts of power.

12. The laser system of claim 1 in which said pumping source comprises a high power, graded-index separate confinement heterostructure, AlGaAs, single-emitter diode laser.

13. The laser system of claim 1 in which said pumping source comprises a diode laser having emitting dimensions greater than about 200 μ

m.

14. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant is of a solid-state type.

15. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant comprises a platelet.

16. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant comprises a nonstoichiometric compound.

17. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant comprises Nd:

YLF.

18. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant comprises a rod having a length of about 0.5 to 5 mm.

19. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant is highly doped.

20. The laser system of claim 10 in which said lasant comprises a platelet.

21. The laser system of claim 20 in which said nonimaging concentrator is end-coupled to the lasant.

22. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant is highly doped.

23. The laser system of claim 1 in which said nonimaging concentrator comprises sapphire.

24. The laser system of claim 9 further comprising

a resonator, and said Q-switch is positioned within said resonator.

25. The laser system of claim 1 in which said lasant comprises a mode volume and said concentrated light beam has a low degree of divergence and an excellent overlap of said mode volume.

26. The laser system of claim 1 in which said nonimaging concentrator comprises a high refractive index, crystalline, dielectric material.

27. The laser system of claim 1 in which said optic axis comprises a straight line.

28. The laser system of claim 1 in which said concentrated light beam is substantially concentric about the optic axis.

29. The laser system of claim 1 in which said refractive index of said dielectric material is greater than that of a conventional fiber-optic waveguide.

30. The laser system of claim 1 in which a portion of said collected light does not contact said boundary surface.

31. A method for generating laser emission, comprising:

directing from a pumping source, optical pumping energy through a nonimaging concentrator toward a lasant, the nonimaging concentrator being positioned in proximity to said pumping source and between said pumping source and said lasant along an optic axis and including a dielectric material having an internally reflective boundary surface of selected shape contiguous to and extending between an input surface and a smaller output surface;

employing said nonimaging concentrator to collect and concentrate light generated by said pumping source, said nonimaging concentrator having a refractive index selected for collecting said light generated by said pumping source and cooperating with said selected shape of said boundary surface to concentrate said collected light to form a concentrated light beam;

propagating said concentrated light beam from said output surface, along said optic axis, and into said lasant; and

generating laser emission from said lasant.

32. The method of claim 31 further comprising:

employing a Q-switch to shape said laser emission.

33. The method of claim 31 further comprising:

employing a diode laser that generates optical pumping power of greater than about 3 watts.

34. The method of claim 31 in which said lasant comprises a platelet.

35. The method of claim 31 in which said lasant comprises a mode volume having an input region and said output surface of said nonimaging concentrator has a surface area that is smaller than that of said input region of said mode volume.

36. The method of claim 31 in which said nonimaging concentrator is end-coupled to said lasant.

37. The method of claim 31 in which said pumping source comprises a diode laser having an active emitting region and said input surface of said nonimaging concentrator has a surface area that is larger than that of said active emitting region of said diode laser.

38. The method of claim 31 in which said refractive index of said dielectric material is greater than that of a conventional fiber-optic waveguide.

39. The method of claim 31 in which said pumping source comprises a solid-state laser.

40. The method of claim 32 in which said pumping source comprises a diode laser.

41. The method of claim 40 in which said lasant comprises a platelet, said nonimaging concentrator comprises sapphire, and said nonimaging concentrator is end-coupled to said platelet.

42. The method of claim 31 in which said nonimaging concentrator comprises sapphire.