Apparatus and method for producing 3-dimensional images

• US 5,329,323 A
• Filed: 03/25/1992
• Issued: 07/12/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 03/25/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Tom Hennes
• Original Assignee: Kevin Biles
• Inventors: Biles, Kevin
• Primary Examiner(s): Cuchlinski, Jr., William A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dowling, William C.
• Application Number:
  US07/857,235
• Time in Patent Office: 839 Days
• Field of Search: 353/7, 353/10, 353/30, 353/37, 353/94, 359/458, 359/449, 359/462, 359/466, 359/471, 359/475, 359/477, 359/478, 359/479, 352/86, 352/61, 352/57
• US Class Current: 353/10
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 30/52 the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 21/606 for relief projection
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 35/20 using two or more projectors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/363 using image projection screens volumetric display H04N13/388
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/395 with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes

Abstract

Systems and methods for producing the sensation of 3-dimensional viewing by projecting and displaying a foreground image and a background image onto separate projection screens positioned on a single viewing axis are disclosed. The images are viewed simultaneously and appear as a single image having depth characteristics. The foreground image screen and the background image screen are provided with image transmission, reflection, and absorption characteristics which allow for simultaneous viewing of more than one screen without image "bleed" or excessive loss of image intensity.

Claims

1. A system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing, said system comprising:

a means for projecting a first image;

a means for projecting a second image;

a perforated front projection screen positioned to receive and reflect said first image and to transmit said second image, said front projection screen having a plurality of perforations sized and spaced apart so that said front projection screen reflects a sufficient amount of said first image and transmits a sufficient amount of said image for visualization by viewers positioned forward of said front projection screen;

a back projection screen positioned parallel with said perforated front projection screen, and back projection screen being capable of receiving and transmitting a sufficient amount of said second image for visualization and being capable of absorbing said first image transmitted from said front projection screen;

wherein said front projection screen is a 60/40 perforation screen and has through hole perforations sized about 2 mm in diameter; and

wherein said back projections screen is a rear projection screen capable of transmitting at least about 80% of said second image and capable of absorbing at least about 90% of said first image.

2. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 1 wherein said means for projecting a second image is a motion picture film projector.

3. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 1 wherein said means for projecting a first image is a motion picture film projector.

4. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 1 wherein said first image is a foreground image.

5. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 1 wherein said second image is a background image.

6. The apparent 3-dimensional viewing system of claim 1 wherein said means for projecting said second image is a motion picture projector.

7. The apparent 3-dimensional viewing system of claim 1 wherein said 60/40 perforation front projection has about 12 perforations per square centimeter.

8. The apparent 3-dimensional viewing system of claim 1 wherein said front projection screen and said back projection screen are separated by a distance of from about 2 feet to about 30 feet.

9. A system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing, said system comprising:

a means for projecting a foreground image;

a means for projecting a background image;

a 60/40 perforations front projection screen positioned to receive and reflect said foreground image and to transmit said background image, said 60/40 perforation front projection screen having 12 to 14 perforations per square centimeter each of said perforations having a diameter of about 2 mm; and

a rear projection screen positioned parallel with said 60/40 perforation front projection screen, said rear projection screen being capable of receiving and transmitting at least 90% of said background image and absorbing at least 90% of transmitted foreground image.

10. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 9 wherein said 60/40 perforation front projection screen is separated from said rear projection screen by a distance ranging from about 2 feet to about 30 feet.

11. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 9 wherein said 60/40 perforation front projection screen ranges in height from 2 feet to 80 feet and ranges in width from 3 feet to 110 feet.

12. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 9 wherein said rear projection screen ranges in height from 2 feet to 80 feet and ranges in width from 3 feet to 110 feet.

13. The system for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 9 wherein said rear projection screen and said 60/40 perforation front projection screen are each about 45 feet in width and about 25 feet in height.

14. A method for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing comprising the steps of:

providing a means for projecting a foreground image;

providing a means for projecting a background image;

projecting said foreground image to a perforated front projection screen, said perforated front projection screen having a plurality of through hole perforations sized and spaced apart so that said front projection screen reflects a sufficient amount of said foreground image and transmits a sufficient amount of said background image for visualization by viewers positioned forward of said front projection screen;

projecting said background image to a rear projection screen simultaneous with projecting said foreground image to said perforated front projection screen, and rear projection screen positioned parallel with said perforated front projections screen, and said rear projection screen being capable of receiving and transmitting a sufficient amount of said background image for visualization by said viewers and being capable of absorbing said foreground image transmitted from said perforated front projection screen;

using as said perforated front projection screen a 60/40 perforation screen with a perforation size of about 2 mm and about 12 perforations per square centimeter; and

wherein said rear projection screen transmits at least 90% of said background image and absorbs at least 80% of said foreground image.

15. The method for producing apparent 3-dimensional viewing of claim 14 wherein said perforated front projection screen and said rear projection screen are separated by a distance of about 25 feet, and said perforated front projection screen and said rear projection screen each are about 45 feet in width and about 25 feet in height.

16. A dual-screen apparatus for producing an apparent three-dimensional image when, with respect to a viewer of said apparatus, a foreground image is projected from the front of said apparatus onto the front surface of a first of said dual screens simultaneously with projection of a background image from the rear of said apparatus onto a rear surface of a second of said dual screens, said apparatus comprising:

a perforate thin-film first screen having a front and a rear surface with respect to said viewer, said first screen having a film thickness of about 0.010 inch or less, a perforation ratio in the range of from 35 percent to 50 percent perforate, with perforations of from about 2 mm to about 4 mm size, and from about 10 to about 14 perforations per square centimeter;

a second screen spaced behind and substantially parallel with said first screen, said second screen having a front and a rear surface with respect to said viewer, and absorbance in the range substantially of from 90 percent to 95 percent with respect to light incident on said front surface of said second screen, and a transmissibility substantially of from 90 percent to 95 percent with respect to light incident on said rear surface of said second screen, said second screen having a reflectance of substantially 10 percent or less with respect to light incident on said front surface of said second screen;

whereby said first screen in correspondence with said perforation ratio reflects to said viewer a sufficient portion of said foreground image and transmits the remainder of said foreground image to said second screen, said second screen absorbing substantially 90 percent or more of said transmitted foreground image with no more than 10 percent of said transmitted foreground image being reflected by said second screen toward the rear surface of said first screen, and said first screen transmitting a correspondingly reduced part of said reflected foreground image to said viewer so that "ghosting" of said foreground image is prevented; and

said rear screen transmits 90 percent or more of the background image toward said front screen which transmits a portion of said background image to said viewer in correspondence with said perforation ratio.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said first screen has a perforation ratio of 60/40.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said first screen has substantially 12 perforations per square centimeter.

19. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said first screen has perforations of substantially 2 mm diameter.

20. A method of producing for a viewer having a direction of view, an apparent three-dimensional image;

said method including the steps of;

using a first and a second projection means having respective opposite directions of projection;

with said first projection means projecting a foreground image on a front surface of a first screen, and with said second projection means projecting a background image on a rear surface of a second screen placed substantially parallel with and behind said first screen with respect to said viewer;

using as said first screen a perforate thin-film screen having a film thickness of about 0.010 inch or less, a perforation ratio in the range of from 35 percent to 50 percent perforate, with perforations of from about 2 mm to about 4 mm size, and from about 10 to about 14 perforations per square centimeter; and

using as said second screen a screen having an absorptance in the range substantially of from 90 percent to 95 percent with respect to light incident on a front surface of said second screen, and a transmissibility substantially of from 90 percent to 95 percent with respect to light incident on said rear surface of said second screen, said second screen having a reflectance of substantially 10 percent or less with respect to light incident on said front surface of said second screen.

21. The method of claim 20 additionally including the steps of:

with said first screen reflecting to said viewer a sufficient portion of said foreground image and transmitting the remainder of said foreground image to said second screen in correspondence with said perforation ratio;

with said second screen absorbing substantially 90 percent or more of said transmitted foreground image while reflecting no more than 10 percent of said transmitted foreground image toward the rear surface of said first screen;

with said first screen transmitting a correspondingly reduced part of said reflected foreground image to said viewer so that "ghosting" of said foreground image is prevented;

with said rear screen transmitting 90 percent or more of the background image toward said front screen; and

with said front screen transmitting a portion of said background image to said viewer in correspondence with said perforation ratio.