System of device independent file directories using a tag between the directories and file descriptors that migrate with the files

• US 5,333,315 A
• Filed: 06/27/1991
• Issued: 07/26/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/27/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Saether, Christian D., Stoppani, Peter Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Thomas C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): AMSBURY, WAYNE P
• Application Number:
  US07/722,008
• Time in Patent Office: 1,125 Days
• Field of Search: 395/600, 395/650, 395/425, 395/325, 395/575, 395/200, 364/550, 371/40.1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/3485 for I/O devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/10 File systems; File servers
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2003/0697 device management, e.g. handlers, drivers, I/O schedulers
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0601 Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/41 Flat as opposed to hierarchical combination, e.g. library of tapes or discs, CD changer, or groups of record carriers that together store one title
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/415 Redundant array of inexpensive disks [RAID] systems
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/002 Programmed access in sequence to a plurality of record carriers or indexed parts, e.g. tracks, thereof, e.g. for editing; transfer of record carriers from magazine G11B15/68, G11B17/10; G11B17/22
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/329 on a disc [VTOC]
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/36 Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing for digital recording G11B20/00 and s.gr.; for monitoring, testing or measuring of TV recorders of the type covered by H04N5/76 and subgroups, see H04N17/06
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99931 Database or file accessing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99953 Recoverability

Abstract

A computer file system, having a multiplicity of distinct disk storage devices, includes a multiplicity of file directories, stored on various disks. Each file directory is used to translate file names into corresponding tag values. For each disk there is a file descriptor table with a file descriptor entry for every file stored on the disk. A single tag directory contains one tag entry for every file stored in the system. The tag directory is used by the file system to find a file by translating a tag value into a pointer to the disk on which the file is stored and a pointer to the file'"'"'s file descriptor entry. To move a file from a first disk to a second disk, the file is copied to the second disk, a new file descriptor entry for the copied file is generated in the file descriptor table for the second disk, the copy of the file on the first disk is de-allocated, and the tag entry for the file is updated to point to the second disk and to the file'"'"'s new file descriptor entry. Thus, a file can be moved from a first disk a second without having to locate and update all the corresponding file directory entries. In a preferred embodiment, the file system includes a routine that monitors disk loading and unused disk capacity. It determines when disk usage is imbalanced and automatically moves files among the disks so as to better balance disk usage.

Claims

1. A file system for use with a computer system having a central processing unit and a multiplicity of data storage devices on which files are stored, comprising:

a multiplicity of file directories, stored on various ones of said multiplicity of data storage devices, each file directory containing a set of file directory entries, each file directory entry having a file name and a corresponding tag value, each file having a unique tag value but a possible plurality of names;

wherein multiple file directory entries stored in one or more of said file directories may contain identical tag values;

a separate file descriptor table for each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, each of said file descriptor tables containing a file descriptor entry including file locating information for every file stored on the corresponding data storage device;

a tag directory, stored on at least a selected one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, said tag directory containing tag entries for a defined set of tag values, wherein every file stored in said multiplicity of data storage devices is represented by a unique one of said tag entries, each said tag entry denoting the one of said multiplicity of data storage devices on which the file corresponding to said tag entry is stored; and

file moving means, executable by said central processing unit, for moving a specified file from a first one to a second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, including means for copying said specified file to said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, generating a file descriptor entry for said copied file on said file descriptor table for said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, changing the tag entry in said tag directory corresponding to said specified file so that said tag entry denotes said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, and initiating deallocation of said specified file on said first data storage device and of said specified file'"'"'s file descriptor entry from said file descriptor table for said first data storage device;

means for determining the location of a file by using one of its names to find the corresponding tag value, and from the tag value its file descriptor entry whereby a file can be moved from a first one to a second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices without having to locate and update all corresponding file directory entries.

2. The file system of claim 1, further including

data storage usage monitoring means, executable by said central processing unit, for monitoring usage of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing corresponding statistical values indicative of whether said usage is imbalanced, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to better balance usage thereof.

3. The file system of claim 1, further including

data storage usage monitoring means, executable by said central processing unit, for monitoring unused capacity on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing statistical values indicative of whether said unused capacity is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute unused capacity among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

4. The file system of claim 3, said data storage usage monitoring means further including means for monitoring loading on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing time averaged statistical values indicative of whether said loading is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute loading among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

5. A method of allocating storage space in a computer system having a multiplicity of data storage devices, comprising:

storing on various ones of said multiplicity of data storage devices a multiplicity of file directories, each file directory containing a set of file directory entries, each file directory entry having a file name and a corresponding tag value, each file having a unique tag value but a possible plurality of names;

wherein multiple file directory entries stored in one or more of said file directories may contain identical tag values;

storing on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices a separate file descriptor table, each of said file descriptor tables containing a file descriptor entry including file locating information for every file stored on the corresponding data storage device,

whereby the location of a file can be determined by using one of its names to find the corresponding tag value, and from the tag value its file descriptor entry;

storing on at least a selected one of said multiplicity of data storage devices a tag directory containing tag entries for a defined set of tag values, wherein every file stored in said multiplicity of data storage devices is represented by a unique one of said tag entries, each said tag entry denoting the one of said multiplicity of data storage devices on which the file corresponding to said tag entry is stored; and

moving a specified file from a first one to a second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, including copying said specified file to said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, generating a file descriptor entry for said copied file on said file descriptor table for said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, changing the tag entry in said tag directory corresponding to said specified file so that said tag entry denotes said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, and deallocating said specified file on said first data storage device and said specified file'"'"'s file descriptor entry from said file descriptor table for said first data storage device;

whereby a file can be moved from a first one to a second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices without having to locate and update all corresponding file directory entries.

6. The method of allocating storage space of claim 5, further including

monitoring usage of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing corresponding statistical values indicative of whether said usage is imbalanced, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to better balance usage thereof.

7. The method of allocating storage space of claim 5, further including

monitoring unused capacity on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing statistical values indicative of whether said unused capacity is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute unused capacity among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

8. The method of allocating storage space of claim 7, further including

monitoring loading on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing time averaged statistical values indicative of whether said loading is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute loading among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

9. A file system for use with a computer system having a central processing unit and a multiplicity of data storage devices on which files are stored, comprising:

a multiplicity of file directories, stored on various ones of said multiplicity of data storage devices, each file directory containing a set of file directory entries, each file directory entry having a file name and a corresponding tag value, each file having a unique tag value but a possible plurality of names;

a tag directory, stored on at least a selected one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, said tag directory containing tag entries for a defined set of tag values,

wherein every file stored in said multiplicity of data storage devices is represented by a unique one of said tag entries, each said tag entry denoting the one of said multiplicity of data storage devices on which the file corresponding to said tag entry is stored;

a separate file descriptor table for each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, each of said file descriptor tables containing a file descriptor entry including file including information for every file stored on the corresponding data storage device;

whereby the location of a file can be determined by using one of its names to find the corresponding tag value, and from the tag value its file descriptor entry; and

file moving means, executable by said central processing unit, for moving a specified file from a first one to a second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, including means for copying said specified file to said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, generating a file descriptor entry for said copied file on said file descriptor table for said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, changing the tag entry in said tag directory corresponding to said specified file so that said tag entry denotes said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, and initiating deallocation of said specified file on said first data storage device and of said specified file'"'"'s file descriptor entry from said file descriptor table for said first data storage device.

10. The file system of claim 9, further including

data storage usage monitoring means, executable by said central processing unit, for monitoring usage of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing corresponding statistical values indicative of whether said usage is imbalanced, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to better balance usage thereof.

11. The file system of claim 9, further including

data storage usage monitoring means, executable by said central processing unit, for monitoring unused capacity on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing statistical values indicative of whether said unused capacity is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute unused capacity among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

12. The file system of claim 11, said data storage usage monitoring means further including means for monitoring loading on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing time averaged statistical values indicative of whether said loading is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute loading among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

13. A method of allocating storage space in a computer system having a multiplicity of data storage devices, comprising:

storing on at least a selected one of said multiplicity of data storage devices a tag directory containing tag entries for a defined set of tag values, wherein every file stored in said multiplicity of data storage devices is represented by a unique one of said tag entries, each said tag entry denoting the one of said multiplicity of data storage devices on which the file corresponding to said tag entry is stored;

storing on various ones of said multiplicity of data storage devices a multiplicity of file directories, each file directory containing a set of file directory entries, each file directory entry having a file name and a corresponding tag value, each file having a unique tag value but a possible plurality of names;

storing on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices a separate file descriptor table, each file descriptor table containing a file descriptor entry including file locating information for every file stored on the corresponding data storage device;

whereby the location of a file can be determined by using one of its names to find the corresponding tag value, and from the tag value its file descriptor entry; and

moving a specified file from a first one to a second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, including copying said specified file to said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, generating a file descriptor entry for said copied file on said file descriptor table for said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, changing the tag entry in said tag directory corresponding to said specified file so that said tag entry denotes said second one of said multiplicity of data storage devices, and deallocating said specified file on said first data storage device and said specified file'"'"'s file descriptor entry from said file descriptor table for said first data storage device.

14. The method of allocating storage space of claim 13, further including

monitoring usage of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing corresponding statistical values indicative of whether said usage is imbalanced, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to better balance usage thereof.

15. The method of allocating storage space of claim 13, further including

monitoring unused capacity on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing statistical values indicative of whether said unused capacity is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute unused capacity among said multiplicity of data storage devices.

16. The method of allocating storage space of claim 15, further including

monitoring loading on each of said multiplicity of data storage devices, computing time averaged statistical values indicative of whether said loading is unevenly distributed among said multiplicity of data storage devices, comparing said computed statistical values with predefined criteria, and when said predefined criteria are met, automatically moving files among said multiplicity of data storage devices so as to more evenly distribute loading among said multiplicity of data storage devices.