Non-graphite crucible for high temperature applications

• US 5,333,844 A
• Filed: 09/25/1992
• Issued: 08/02/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Holcombe, Cressie E., Pfeiler, William A.
• Primary Examiner(s): KASTLER, SCOTT R
• Application Number:
  US07/951,742
• Time in Patent Office: 676 Days
• Field of Search: 266/275, 266/280, 266/286, 432/262, 432/263, 432/264, 432/265
• US Class Current: 266/275
• CPC Class Codes: F27B 14/061 Induction furnaces
• CPC Class Codes: F27B 14/10 Crucibles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 137/91 Destructible or deformable element constructed of specific material

Abstract

A multi-piece crucible for high temperature applications comprises a tubular side wall member having a lip on the inside surface and a bottom member or members forming a container for containing a melt of a material during a high temperature melt-casting operations. The multi-piece design prevents cracking of the crucible or leakage of the melt from the crucible during the melt-casting operation. The lip of the tubular member supports the bottom member. The contacting surfaces where the lip of the tubular side wall member contacts the bottom member of the multi-piece crucible contains a ceramic sealing material. The ceramic sealing material forms a seal sufficient to prevent the melt of the material from leaking out of the multi-piece crucible during the melt-casting process. The multi-piece crucible is made of a material which is chemically inert to the melt and has structural integrity at the melting point temperature of the melt, or of a material coated with such a material.

Claims

1. A multi-piece crucible for containing a melt of a material for high temperature applications comprising:

a tubular member and a bottom member, said tubular member having a centerline, an inner side wall, a lower portion, a thickness, and a lip, said lip being located on said inner side wall of said lower portion of said tubular member, said lip having a tapered side tapered in a downward direction toward said centerline of said tubular member, said bottom member having an outer side tapered in an upward direction toward said tubular member at an angle that provides a matching fit with said tapered side of said lip for enclosing said lower portion of said tubular member to form said crucible for containing said melt of said material in high temperature casting operations, said outer side of said bottom member contacting said tapered side of said lip forming a seal sufficient to contain said melt of said material used in said high temperature casting operations, said lip of said tubular member supporting said bottom member, said crucible being made of a material chemically inert to said melt and having structural integrity at the melting point temperature of said melt.

2. A crucible in accordance with claim 1 wherein said crucible is made from a non-graphite containing material.

3. A crucible in accordance with claim 1 wherein said tubular side wall member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon carbide, ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.1% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said piece made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

4. A crucible in accordance with claim 1 wherein said bottom member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

5. A multi-piece crucible for containing a melt of a material for high temperature applications comprising:

a tubular member and a bottom ember, said tubular member having a centerline, an inner side wall, a lower portion, a thickness, and a lip, said lip being located on said inner side wall of said lower portion of said tubular member, said lip having a tapered side tapered in a downward direction toward said centerline of said tubular member, said bottom member having an outer side tapered in an upward direction toward said tubular member at an angle that provides a matching angle with said tapered side of said lip for enclosing said lower portion of said tubular member to form said crucible for containing said melt of said material in high temperature casting operations, said outer side of said bottom member contacting a ceramic sealing material and said tapered side of said lip contacting said ceramic sealing material forming a seal sufficient to contain said melt of said material used in high temperature casting operations, said lip of said tubular member supporting said bottom member, said crucible being made of a material chemically inert to said melt and having structural integrity at the melting point temperature of said melt.

6. A crucible in accordance with claim 5 wherein said crucible is made from a non-graphite containing material.

7. A crucible in accordance with claim 5 wherein said tubular side wall member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt. % aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide, ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

8. A crucible in accordance with claim 5 wherein said bottom member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

9. A crucible in accordance with claim 5 wherein said ceramic sealing material is prepared by drying a ceramic sealing material comprising yttria mingled in an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

10. A crucible in accordance with claim 5 wherein said ceramic sealing material is prepared by drying a ceramic sealing material comprising titanium nitride mingled in an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

11. A multi-piece crucible for containing a melt of a material for high temperature applications comprising:

a tubular member and a bottom member, said tubular member having an inner side wall, a lower portion, and a lip, said lip being located on said inner side wall of said lower portion of said tubular member, said lip having a side and a top portion, said bottom member having an outer side and a bottom portion, said outer side of said bottom member having a periphery, said inner side wall having a periphery, said periphery of said outer side of said bottom member being smaller than said periphery of said inner side wall, said bottom portion of said bottom member contacting said lower portion of said tubular member forming a seal sufficient to contain said melt of said material used in high temperature casting operations, said lip of said tubular member supporting said bottom member, said crucible being made of a material chemically inert to said melt and having structural integrity at the melting point temperature of said melt.

12. A crucible in accordance with claim 11 wherein said crucible is made from a non-graphite containing material.

13. A crucible in accordance with claim 11 wherein said tubular side wall member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

14. A crucible in accordance with claim 11 wherein said bottom member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

15. A multi-piece crucible for containing a melt of a material for high temperature applications comprising:

a tubular member and a bottom member, said tubular member having an inner side wall, a lower portion, and a lip, said lip being located on said inner side wall of said lower portion of said tubular member, said lip having a side and a top portion, said bottom member having a sided and a bottom portion, said lip of said tubular member supporting said bottom member, said bottom of said bottom member contacting a ceramic sealing material and said top portion of said lip contacting said ceramic sealing material forming a seal sufficient to contain said melt of said material used in high temperature casting operations, said crucible being made of a material chemically inert to said melt and having structural integrity at the melting point temperature of said melt.

16. A crucible in accordance with claim 15 wherein said crucible is made from a non-graphite containing material.

17. A crucible in accordance with claim 15 wherein said tubular side wall member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

18. A crucible in accordance with claim 15 wherein said bottom member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide, ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

19. A crucible in accordance with claim 15 wherein said ceramic sealing material is prepared by drying a ceramic sealing material comprising yttria mingled in an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

20. A crucible in accordance with claim 15 wherein said ceramic sealing material is prepared by drying a ceramic sealing material comprising titanium nitride mingled in an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

21. A large multi-piece crucible having more than two pieces for containing a melt of a material for high temperature applications comprising:

tubular member and at least two bottom members, a first bottom member and a second bottom member, said tubular member having an inner side wall, a lower portion, and a lip, said lip being located on said inner side wall of said lower portion of said tubular member, said second bottom member fitting inside said first bottom member, said tubular member having a centerline, an inner side wall, a lower portion, a thickness, and a lip, said lip being located on said inner side wall of said lower portion of said tubular member, said lip having a tapered side tapered in a downward direction toward said centerline of said tubular member, said first bottom member having an outer side and an inner side, said outer side of said first bottom member being tapered in an upward direction toward said tubular member at an angle that provides a matching fit with said tapered side of said lip of said tubular member, said inner side of said first bottom member being tapered in a downward direction toward said centerline of said tubular member, said second bottom member having an outer side, said outer side of said second bottom member being tapered in an upward direction toward said tubular member at an angle that provides a matching fit with said inner side of said first bottom member, said first bottom member and said second bottom member enclosing said lower portion of said tubular member forming said crucible for containing said melt of said material in high temperature casting operations, said outer side of said first bottom member contacting said tapered side of said lip of said tubular member and said outer side of said second bottom member contacting said inner side of said first bottom member both forming a seal sufficient to contain said melt of said material used in high temperature casting operations, said lip of said tubular member supporting said first bottom member and said first bottom member supporting said second bottom member.

22. A large multi-piece crucible in accordance with claim 21 wherein said large multi-piece crucible is made from a non-graphite containing material.

23. A crucible in accordance with claim 21 wherein said tubular side wall member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5% silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy composition comprising 50% niobium 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.

24. A crucible in accordance with claim 21 wherein said bottom member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide;

ceramic composition comprising 48 wt.% silicon carbide, 48 wt.% aluminum, oxide, and 4 wt.% silicon oxide;

ceramic composition comprising 90% alumina and 9.5% silicon dioxide;

ceramic composition comprising 61.5% alumina, 33% silicon carbide, and 4.7% silicon dioxide;

ceramic combustion comprising 48% alumina, 48% silicon carbide, and 4% silicon dioxide;

ceramic combustion comprising 35% alumina, 59% silicon carbide, and 5silicon dioxide; and

ceramic composition comprising 29.4% alumina, 67.5% silicon carbide, and 3.7% silicon dioxide; and

refractory metal alloy comprising comprising 50% indium, 30% titanium and 20% tungsten in which the outer layer of said pieces made from said refractory metal alloy composition consists essentially of titanium nitride and combinations thereof.