Ultrasonic flaw detector

• US 5,335,547 A
• Filed: 02/04/1992
• Issued: 08/09/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/21/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi Construction Machinery Company Limited (Hitachi, Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Hitachi Construction Machinery Company Limited (Hitachi, Ltd.)
• Inventors: Yamaguchi, Takeshi, Nakajima, Kichio, Honma, Kazuo, Inamitsu, Hiroshi, Minamiyama, Eiji, Sumiya, Yukio
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Finley, Rose M.
• Application Number:
  US07/793,392
• Time in Patent Office: 917 Days
• Field of Search: 73/634, 73/620, 73/622, 73/625, 73/626, 73/601, 73/602, 364/508, 364/561, 364/562
• US Class Current: 73/622
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0289 Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/044 Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/22 Details , e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/265 by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/30 Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects

Abstract

The distance sensor means and the ultrasonic probe are integrally coupled to each other in such a manner that a preceding scanning line to a current scanning line which is scanned by the ultrasonic probe is scanned by the distance sensor means, and the shape-measurement scanning operation of the distance sensor means and the flaw-detection scanning operation of the ultrasonic probe are performed in parallel with each other. A flaw detection area is divided into plural sub-areas, and plural storing areas are arranged in a mesh form in one-to-one correspondence to the sub-areas, only one shape information of position storing area including the flaw detection area being stored in each of the storing areas. The position and orientation of the ultrasonic probe at each flaw detection point is controlled using the stored shape information.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic flaw detector comprising:

an ultrasonic probe for radiating an ultrasonic flaw-detecting signal onto each flaw detection point within a flaw detection area which is specified on a surface of a target, and receiving an ultrasonic wave reflected from the detection point;

distance sensor means for radiating a distance measuring signal onto a measuring point within a position storing area including the flaw detection area to detect a distance between the measuring point and said distance means;

coupling means for integrally coupling said distance sensor means and said ultrasonic probe in such a manner that said distance sensor means scans a preceding scanning line;

position and orientation control means for controlling position and orientation of said ultrasonic probe and said distance sensor means;

shape information calculation means for calculating information on the shape of the position storing area including the flaw detection area on the basis of a detection result of said distance sensor means and a current position of said distance sensor means;

storing means for storing the shape information;

position and orientation calculation means for calculating position and orientation of said ultrasonic probe on the basis of the shape information stored in said storing means to thereby radiate the flaw detecting signal onto the measuring point at predetermined angle and distance from said ultrasonic probe; and

control means for performing a shape-measurement scanning operation of said distance sensor means and a flaw-detection scanning operation of said ultrasonic probe in parallel with each other.

2. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the position storing area including the flaw detection area is divided into plural sub-areas, and wherein said storing means has plural storing areas each corresponding to each of said sub-areas, said sub-area storing only one position information.

3. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 2, wherein each of said ultrasonic probe and said distance sensor means performs a scanning operation in a two-dimensional plane which is defined by X-axis and Y-axis, the shape information is defined by positions in the X- and Y-axes and a position in the Z-axis which is vertical to the X- and Y-axes, the storing area corresponding to each sub-area is accessed using an address corresponding to the positions of X- and Y-axes, and a position information of the X-, Y- and Z-axes of sensor distance measuring point within the position storing area including the flaw detection area is stored in a storing area of each address.

4. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 2, wherein said position and orientation calculation means performs a calculation of the position and orientation of said ultrasonic probe on the basis of the shape information of plural sub-areas which surround the sub-area corresponding to the flaw detection point.

5. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said distance sensor means and said ultrasonic probe for flaw detection are disposed on a common substrate, and wherein said distance sensor means includes a pair of distance sensors, said distance sensors being arranged in a scanning direction corresponding to a curvature-varying direction of the surface of the target to measure the surface shape of the target, and in such a manner as to scan a position storing area preceding to a flaw detection point of said ultrasonic probe in a scanning operation.

6. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 2, wherein said distance sensor means and said ultrasonic probe for flaw detection are disposed on a common substrate, and wherein said distance sensor means includes a pair of distance sensors, said distance sensors being arranged in a scanning direction corresponding to a curvature-varying direction of the surface of the target to measure the surface shape of the target, and in such a manner as to scan a position storing area preceding to a flaw detection point of said ultrasonic probe in a scanning operation.

7. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 3, wherein said distance sensor means and said ultrasonic probe for flaw detection are disposed on a common substrate, and wherein said distance sensor means includes a pair of distance sensors, said distance sensors being arranged in a scanning direction corresponding to a curvature-varying direction of the surface of the target to measure the surface shape of the target, and in such a manner as to scan a position storing area preceding to a flaw detection point of said ultrasonic probe in a scanning operation.

8. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ultrasonic flaw-detector serves to perform flaw detection for a cylindrical target and further includes rotating means for rotating the target with respect to a predetermined rotational axis, and wherein the position storing area including the flaw detection area is divided into plural sub-areas which are segmented by a rotational angle and a position in the rotational axis and the storing means has a storing area corresponding to each sub-area, said storing area storing only one shape information.

9. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 8, wherein said ultrasonic probe and said distance sensor means performs a Z-axial scanning operation, the shape information is defined by the Z-axial position, the rotational angle γ

and a radial distance D1 between the measuring point and the Z-axis, and the storing area corresponding to the sub-area is accessed using an address which is defined by Z-axial position and the rotational angle γ

, the storing area of each address storing information on the rotational angle γ

, the Z-axial position and the radial distance D1 for the distance measuring point within the position storing area including the flaw detection area.

13. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 2, further comprising;

abnormality detecting means for judging as to whether an output of said distance sensor means is abnormal, and outputting an abnormality-detection signal;

prohibiting means for prohibiting a storing operation of a currently-calculated shape information in said storing means when an abnormality-detection signal is outputted; and

drive control means for controlling said distance sensor means so that a detecting direction of said distance sensor means is directed to a currently-calculated normal direction while said distance sensor means is kept away from the target by a destination value, and the distance sensor means is moved by one pitch in a tangent direction along the X-axis vertical to the normal direction when no abnormality-detection signal is outputted, and for controlling said distance sensor means so that said distance sensor means is moved by one pitch in a tangent direction along the X-axis vertical to a previously-calculated normal direction while the orientation thereof is kept when the abnormality-detection signal is outputted.

10. An ultrasonic flaw detector comprising:

an ultrasonic probe for radiating an ultrasonic flaw-detecting signal onto each flaw detection point within a flaw detection area which is specified on a surface of a target, and receiving an ultrasonic wave reflected from the detection point;

distance sensor means for radiating a distance measuring signal onto a measuring point within a position storing area including the flaw detection area to detect a distance between the measuring point and said distance means;

coupling means for integrally coupling said distance sensor means and said ultrasonic probe in such a manner that said distance sensor means scans a scanning line which precedes to a scanning line scanned by said ultrasonic probe;

position and orientation control means having plural axis-driving means for controlling position and orientation of said ultrasonic probe and said distance sensor means through control of said axis-driving means;

shape information calculation means for calculating information on the shape of the position storing area including the flaw detection area on the basis of a detection result of said distance sensor means and a current position of said distance sensor means;

storing means for storing the shape information;

position and orientation calculation means for calculating position and orientation of said ultrasonic probe on the basis of the shape information stored in said storing means to thereby radiate the flaw detecting signal onto the measuring, point at predetermined angle and distance from said ultrasonic probe;

control means for performing a shape-measurement scanning operation of said distance sensor means and a flaw-detection scanning operation of said ultrasonic probe in parallel with each other;

axis-position detecting means for detecting current positions of respective axes;

axis-position instructing value calculating means for calculating axis-position instructing values for each flaw detection point of said ultrasonic probe on the basis of the current positions detected by said axis-position detecting means and the shape information which is beforehand obtained;

axis-position instructing value averaging means for calculating an averaged value of axis-position instructing values of plural flaw-detection points including a flaw-detection point to be concerned on the-basis of the respective axis-position instructing values of each flaw detection point which are calculated by said calculation means to thereby specify an axis-position instructing value for the flaw-detection point to the averaged value;

axis-speed instructing value calculating means for calculating an axis-speed instructing value for each flaw-detecting point on the basis of the axis-position instructing values for each flaw-detecting point which are calculated by said averaging means;

axis-speed instructing value averaging means for calculating an averaged value of the axis-speed instructing values for plural flaw-detection points including a flaw-detection point to be concerned to thereby specify an axis-speed instructing value for the flaw-detection point to the averaged value; and

axis-speed control means for calculating an axis-speed instructing value in accordance with a deviation between the averaged axis-position instructing value and the current position detected by said axis-position detecting means, and controlling a moving speed of each axis for said ultrasonic probe on the basis of a sum of the calculated axis-speed instructing value and the averaged axis-speed instructing value.

11. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 10, wherein said storing means has plural storing areas each corresponding to each of sub-areas into which the position storing area including the flaw detection area is divided, said sub-area storing only one position information, and wherein the axis-position instructing values are averaged on the basis of the shape information in plural subareas which include the sub-area corresponding to the flaw detection area and surround the sub-area.

12. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 10, wherein said axis-position instructing value calculation means, said axis-position instructing value averaging means, said axis-speed instructing value calculation means and said axis-speed instructing value averaging means are actuated to calculate an averaged axis-position instructing value and an averaged axis-speed instructing value for each flaw detection point of a next flaw-detection scanning line during a flaw detecting operation of said ultrasonic probe for a current scanning line.

14. The ultrasonic flaw-detector as claimed in claim 11, further comprising;

abnormality detecting means for judging as to whether an output of said distance sensor means is abnormal, and outputting an abnormality-detection signal;

prohibiting means for prohibiting a storing operation of a currently-calculated shape information in said storing means when an abnormality-detection signal is outputted; and

drive control means for controlling said distance sensor means so that a detecting direction of said distance sensor means is directed to a currently-calculated normal direction while said distance sensor means is kept away from the target by a destination value, and the distance sensor means is moved by one pitch in a tangent direction along the X-axis vertical to the normal direction when no abnormality-detection signal is outputted, and for controlling said distance sensor means so that said distance sensor means is moved by one pitch in a tangent direction along the X-axis vertical to a previously-calculated normal direction while the orientation thereof is kept when the abnormality-detection signal is outputted.