Microminiaturized pump

• US 5,336,062 A
• Filed: 10/20/1992
• Issued: 08/09/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forsching E.V.
• Original Assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forsching E.V.
• Inventors: Richter, Axel
• Primary Examiner(s): Casaregola, Louis J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Basichas, Alfred
• Application Number:
  US07/920,584
• Time in Patent Office: 658 Days
• Field of Search: 417/48, 417/50, 417/322, 417/413 A, 417/413 B
• US Class Current: 417/413.2
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0244 Micromachined materials, e.g. made from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems [MEMS] or comprising nanotechnology
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14586 pressurised by means of a flexible diaphragm
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/043 Micropumps

Abstract

A microminiaturized pump consists of two superposed, interconnected pump bodies of semiconductor material, which each include electrically conductive regions insulated from one another. At least one of the two pump bodies has a thin, flexible diaphragm having integrated therein at least one check valve, which has an inlet aperture and a cover plate over it, the thin, flexible diaphragm including at least part of the electrically conductive region of one pump body, whereas, in relation to the surface dimensions of the thin, flexible diaphragm, the electrically conductive region of the other pump body is arranged at a short distance from the thin, flexible diaphragm.

Claims

1. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump comprising:

at least one first and one second pump body which are arranged one on top of the other and which are interconnected, at least one of said pump bodies comprising at least partially of a semiconductor material, and both pump bodies having electrically conductive regions, which are electrically insulated from one another;

at least one of said two pump bodies has a thin, flexible diaphragm;

at least one check valve is arranged within said thin, flexible diaphragm, said check valve being formed integrally with said thin, flexible diaphragm and having an inlet aperture as well as a cover plate, which covers said inlet aperture and which merges with said thin, flexible diaphragm at one of its narrow sides;

said thin, flexible diaphragm includes at least part of said electrically conductive region of said pump body; and

in relation to the surface dimensions of said thin, flexible diaphragm, said electrically conductive region of said other pump body being arranged at a short distance from said thin, flexible diaphragm.

2. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive region of at least one of said pump bodies is enclosed by an electrically insulating layer on all sides.

3. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 1, wherein said first pump body, which includes said thin, flexible diaphragm and which partially consists of a semiconductor material, is provided with a front dielectric layer, in which said check valve is formed, and with a rear recess produced by anisotropic etching and defining said thin, flexible diaphragm.

4. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 3, wherein said dielectric layer is a layer of silicon nitride or a layer of thermal oxide and silicon nitride.

5. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 3, wherein said inlet aperture of said check valve is positioned in a plane of said dielectric layer which extends in spaced relationship with the front side of said thin, flexible diaphragm, and said inlet aperture communicates with said rear recess via a second rear recess produced by anisotropic etching.

6. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 5, wherein a planar recess is provided between said cover plate and said inlet aperture, said cover plate being spaced from said inlet aperture by means of said planar recess, and a boundary recess, which, when seen in a top view of said thin, flexible diaphragm, is essentially U-shaped and extends down to said planar recess defining the narrow sides of said cover plate, said cover plate does not merge with said thin, flexible diaphragm.

7. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 3, wherein said electrically insulating layer enclosing said electrically conductive region on all sides is formed, on the one hand, by said front dielectric layer and, on the other hand, by a rear insulating layer.

8. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 7, wherein said rear insulating layer is formed by a thermal oxide of said semiconductor material of said pump body.

9. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 7, wherein said rear insulating layer is formed by an insulator, which is chemically applied to the back of said pump body in a vapor deposition process.

10. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 7, wherein said rear insulating layer is formed by an insulating material applied to the back of said pump body by means of sputtering.

11. A microminiaturized pump according to claim 3,

characterized in that the first pump body (2) is additionally provided with a front spacing recess (33), which is produced by anisotropic etching and which defines the thin, flexible, diaphragm-like region (9) together with the rear access (6), and

that the front dielectric layer (5) is arranged in said front spacing recess (33).

12. A microminiaturized pump according to claim 11,

characterized in that, at its back facing the pump body (3), the other pump body (2) is essentially flat, and

that the front recess (33) of said first-mentioned pump body (3) determines a spacing between the thin, flexible, diaphragm-like region (9) and the back of said other pump body (2).

13. A microminiaturized pump according to claim 3,

characterized in that the conductive region of one pump body (2, 3) is formed by a metal electrode layer (31) embedded in the dielectric layer (5) and provided with electrode openings (32) in the area of the valves (12, 13).

14. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 1, wherein both pump bodies consist essentially of silicon.

15. An electrostatically actuatable microminiaturized pump according to claim 1, wherein said two pump bodies are interconnected via an intermediate Pyrex layer by means of electrostatic bonding.

16. A microminiaturized pump according to claim 3,

characterized in that one of the pump bodies is provided with a thin, flexible, diaphragm-like region (9), and

that the conductive region of the other pump body (2) extends up to a point located close to said thin, flexible, diaphragm-like region (9) of said first-mentioned pump body (3).

17. A microminiaturized pump according to claim 16,

characterized in that the dielectric layer (5) of one pump body extends as a plane over the surface thereof, and

that the other pump body (2) is provided with a spacing recess (30), which is produced by anisotropic etching and which is located at the pump body back facing the pump body (3).