Electrochromic devices with bipyridinium salt solutions
First Claim
1. A solution-phase electrochromic device in which the solution of variable transmittance comprises a solvent, which is a liquid at room temperature, and a salt of a cation of Formula XVII ##STR10## wherein R36 and R37 are independently selected from the group consisting of benzyl and alkyl of 1-20 carbon atoms;
- and R34, R35, R38 and R39 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms.
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Abstract
The present invention provides solution-phase electrochromic devices, including such devices that are single-compartment and self-erasing, in which the media of variable transmittance are solutions comprising, as cathodic electrochromic compounds, certain 4,4'"'"'-bipyridinium salts, such as salts of 1,1'"'"'-dibenzyl-2,2'"'"',6,6'"'"'-tetraalkyl-4,4'"'"'-bipyridinium cations. Electrochromic devices of the invention are components of variable transmittance in display devices, windows and other types of light filters, and variable reflectance mirrors, such as those that can be used as dimmable rearview mirrors in motor vehicles.
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42 Claims
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1. A solution-phase electrochromic device in which the solution of variable transmittance comprises a solvent, which is a liquid at room temperature, and a salt of a cation of Formula XVII ##STR10## wherein R36 and R37 are independently selected from the group consisting of benzyl and alkyl of 1-20 carbon atoms;
- and R34, R35, R38 and R39 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A solution-phase electrochromic device in which the solution of variable transmittance comprises a solvent;
- an anodic electrochromic compound which, upon oxidation of its zero-potential equilibrium state, undergoes an increase in molar extinction coefficient at at least one wavelength in the visible range; and
a cathodic electrochromic compound which is a salt of a cation of Formula IV ##STR11## wherein R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group with 1-20 carbon atoms and benzyl; and
R9, R10, R11, and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups with 1-4 carbon atoms. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
- an anodic electrochromic compound which, upon oxidation of its zero-potential equilibrium state, undergoes an increase in molar extinction coefficient at at least one wavelength in the visible range; and
Specification