Stuffing process for reducing waiting time jitter and device for executing the process

• US 5,337,315 A
• Filed: 10/23/1992
• Issued: 08/09/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ericsson AB (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Original Assignee: Ant Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
• Inventors: Ehrlich, Wolfgang
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourek, Benedict V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TON, DANG T
• Application Number:
  US07/940,886
• Time in Patent Office: 655 Days
• Field of Search: 370/102, 370/103, 370/100.1, 370/105, 370/105.1, 370/105.3, 370/108, 375/76, 375/106, 375/113, 375/116, 375/117, 375/118, 375/112, 375/107
• US Class Current: 370/505
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/076 Bit and byte stuffing, e.g. SDH/PDH desynchronisers, bit-leaking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/05 Electric or magnetic storage of signals before transmitting or retransmitting for changing the transmission rate

Abstract

A stuffing process and device for reducing waiting time jitter by: determining the mean loading of an elastic memory as precisely as possible; determining a loading error constituted by a difference between an actual value and a set value of the mean loading; producing a sum of successive loading errors; and determining the manner in which stuffing is to take place in order to keep the error sum as constant as possible.

Claims

1. In a stuffing process for reducing waiting time jitter, which process includes the steps of:

a. supplying a first digital signal (A) with a first bit rate to a synchronizer and writing the first digital signal into an elastic memory (ES) in the synchronizer with a first clock pulse (t_A) having a pulse rate which corresponds to the first bit rate of the first digital signal (A);

b. reading a second digital signal (B) at a second bit rate out of the elastic memory (ES) with a second clock pulse (t_B) having a pulse rate which corresponds to the second bit rate of the second digital signal (B), whereby the elastic memory (ES) will have a mean loading; and

c. in a frame counter (RZ), generating stuffing frames of the second digital signal (B), controlling reading out of the elastic memory, and performing stuffing as a function of a control parameter supplied to the frame counter, the improvement wherein said process further comprises;

d. determining the mean loading of the elastic memory (ES) at a rate of once per stuffing frame of the second digital signal (B);

e. producing an indication of a difference between the mean loading and a selected loading value for each stuffing frame of the second digital signal (B);

f. deriving a sum of the difference indicated during an existing stuffing frame and all previous stuffing frames for which said steps of determining and producing were performed;

g. deriving, from the difference indicated during an existing stuffing frame and the sum derived in step f, an estimated sum value for the next occurring stuffing frame on the assumption that stuffing will not be performed during the next occurring stuffing frame;

h. comparing the estimated sum value with at least one threshold value and determining, as a function of this comparison, a control parameter value which can control stuffing in a manner such that the sum derived in step f remains at least approximately constant; and

i. supplying the value determined in step h, as the control value, to the frame counter (RZ).

2. A stuffing process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process includes positive stuffing, and during positive stuffing the estimated sum value is compared with a threshold and stuffing is always performed if the estimated value lies below the threshold and is not performed if the estimated value lies above the threshold.

3. A stuffing process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process includes positive-null-negative stuffing, and during positive-null-negative stuffing, the estimated sum value in the next stuffing frame of the second digital signal (B) is compared with a pair of threshold values, and stuffing is performed if the estimated sum value lies outside of the range of values between the pair of threshold values and is not performed if the estimated value lies within the range of values between the pair of threshold values.

4. A device for carrying out the process in accordance with claim 1, comprising:

a. an elastic memory (ES) having a write input connected for writing in of the first digital signal (A) under control of the first clock pulse (t_A) having a pulse rate which corresponds to the first bit rate of the first digital signal (A) and a read output connected for reading out the second digital signal (B) under control of the second clock pulse (t_B) having a pulse rate which corresponds to the second bit rate of the second digital signal (B), whereby the elastic memory (ES) will have a mean loading; and

b. a frame counter (RZ) for generating stuffing frames of the second digital signal (B) at a stuffing frame frequency, controlling reading out of the elastic memory (ES) and performing stuffing as a function of a control parameter supplied to said frame counter, wherein said device further comprises;

c. a circuit for determining the mean loading (I) of said elastic memory (ES) at least once per stuffing frame of the second digital signal (B);

d. a time-discrete network (ZN) which is clocked at the stuffing frame frequency of the second digital signal (B) and to which the mean loading is supplied, said time-discrete network (ZN) being operative to determine a control parameter value which controls stuffing in such a way that the sum of the differences between the mean loading and a set value for the mean loading, a respective one of which differences is formed for each stuffing frame of the second digital signal, remains at least approximately constant for all stuffing frames of the second digital signal (B), and said time-discrete network (ZN) further being operative to determine, from the difference indicated during an existing stuffing frame and the current sum, an estimated sum value for the next occurring stuffing frame on the assumption that stuffing will not be performed during the next occurring stuffing frame;

e. a circuit (SE) connected to receive the estimated sum value and for performing the comparing step, said circuit (SE) being operative for comparing the estimated value with at least one threshold and for determining, as a function of this comparison, the control parameter value which can control stuffing so that the sum of the differences remains at least approximately constant; and

f. means connected for supplying the determined control parameter value to said frame counter (RZ).

5. In a stuffing device for reducing waiting time jitter, which device includes:

a. means for supplying a first digital signal (A) with a first bit rate to a synchronizer and for writing the first digital signal into an elastic memory (ES) in the synchronizer with a first clock pulse (t_A) having a pulse rate which corresponds to the first bit rate of the first digital signal (A);

b. means for reading a second digital signal (B) at a second bit rate out of the elastic memory (ES) with a second clock pulse (t_B) having a pulse rate which corresponds to the second bit rate of the second digital signal (B), whereby the elastic memory (ES) will have a mean loading; and

c. a frame counter (RZ) containing means for generating stuffing frames of the second digital signal (B), for controlling reading out of the elastic memory, and for performing stuffing as a function of a control parameter supplied to the frame counter, the improvement wherein said device further comprises;

d. means for determining the mean loading of the elastic memory (ES) at a rate of once per stuffing frame of the second digital signal (B);

e. means for producing an indication of a difference between the mean loading and a selected loading value for each stuffing frame of the second digital signal (B);

f. means for deriving a sum of the difference indicated during an existing stuffing frame and all previous stuffing frames for which a mean loading was previously determined and an indication of a difference was previously produced;

g. means for deriving, from the difference indicated during an existing stuffing frame and the sum derived by said means for deriving a sum of the difference, an estimated sum value for the next occurring stuffing frame on the assumption that stuffing will not be performed during the next occurring stuffing frame;

h. means for comparing a currently derived estimated sum value with at least one threshold value and for determining, as a function of this comparison, a control parameter value which can control stuffing in a manner such that the sum derived by said means for deriving remains at least approximately constant; and

i. means for supplying the value determined by said means for comparing, as the control value, to said frame counter (RZ).