Method and apparatus for dynamically changing bus size using address register means and comparator means as bus size detectors

• US 5,341,481 A
• Filed: 04/28/1993
• Issued: 08/23/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Microcomputer Engineering Limited
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Microcomputer Engineering Limited
• Inventors: Tsukamoto, Takashi
• Primary Examiner(s): Ray, Gopal C.
• Application Number:
  US08/055,230
• Time in Patent Office: 482 Days
• Field of Search: 395/325, 395/275, 395/200, 395/425, 370/85.1, 340/825
• US Class Current: 710/107
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4018 with data-width conversion

Abstract

A microcomputer includes one or more registers therein. These registers are provided for defining a specific address area. When a processor unit in the microcomputer accesses an address in the specific address area, it acknowledges the access to change the bus width and/or bus cycle of the microcomputer dynamically.

Claims

1. A microcomputer comprising:

an address bus;

a data bus including a plurality of data lines;

a data input and output circuit coupled to said data bus;

external data terminals coupled to said data input and output circuit, wherein the external data terminals and said plurality of data lines are equal in number;

a processor unit coupled to said address bus and to said data bus, said processor unit accessing an address in a predetermined address space by using said address bus;

register means for defining a specific address area within said predetermined address space designating an address data of a plurality of devices each having an equal bus size; and

a comparator coupled to said address bus and to said register means for comparing said address data with an address signal outputted from the processor unit to said address bus and for providing to said processor unit a comparison result indicating whether an address designated by said address signal is in said specific address area,

wherein the register means and the comparator are disposed within the microcomputer which includes means for receiving address data through the data lines from the data input and output circuit, and

wherein said processor unit controls said data input and output circuit in response to the comparison result indicating that the address designated by said address signal is in said specific address area so that the plurality of data lines of said data bus are coupled to a first set of said external data terminals, thereby accessing the address in said specific address area by a first data bus size, and

wherein said processor unit controls said data input and output circuit in response to the comparison result indicating that the address designated by said address signal is not in said specific address area so that the plurality of data lines of said data bus are coupled to a second set of said external data terminals, respectively, thereby accessing the address which is not in said specific address area by a second data bus size different from the first data bus size.

2. The microcomputer as claimed in claim 1 wherein said register means comprises first and second registers for holding first and second address data defining respective boundaries of said specific address area in said predetermined address space.

3. The microcomputer according to claim 1 further comprising:

a second register means for holding second address data defining a second specific address area in a predetermined address space; and

a second comparator coupled to said address bus and to said second register means and for comparing said second address data with the address signal outputted from said processor unit to said address bus and for providing to said processor unit a second comparison result indicating whether an address designated by said address signal is in said second specific address area;

wherein said processor unit accesses the address designated by said address signal in accordance with a two state bus cycle in response to the second comparison result indicating that the address designated by said address signal is not in said second specific address area, and wherein said processor accesses the address designated by said address signal in accordance with a three state bus cycle in response to the second comparison result indicating that the address designated by said address signal is in said second specific address area.

4. The microcomputer according to claim 1, further comprising:

an internal peripheral circuit coupled to said data bus and to said address bus and including a plurality of data registers, said plurality of data registers having predetermined addresses defining said specific address area, and said predetermined addresses being included in said predetermined address space;

detector means coupled to said address bus for outputting to said processor unit a detection signal when the address designated by said address signal is in said specific address area;

wherein said processor unit is responsive to said detection signal and accesses the address included in said specific address area in accordance with said first data bus size and said three state bus cycle, and

wherein said detector means, said comparator, and said second comparator operate simultaneously independent of one another.

5. In a microcomputer system including:

a microcomputer having an internal address bus, and internal data bus, a plurality of external data terminals and a data input and output circuit coupled between said internal data bus and said external data terminals,

an external address bus coupled to said internal address bus of said microcomputer,

an external data bus coupled to said external data terminals of said microcomputer,

a first external device coupled to said external address bus and having a plurality of external data terminals coupled to said external data bus, wherein a number of said external data terminals of said first external device is less in number than said plurality of external data terminals of said microcomputer, and wherein said first external device has a first predetermined address area assigned thereto,

a second external device coupled to said external address bus and having a plurality of external data terminals coupled to said external data bus, wherein said external data terminals of said second external device are identical in number to said plurality of external data terminals of said microcomputer, and wherein said second external device has a second predetermined address area assigned thereto,

a method of coupling said internal data bus of said microcomputer to said external data bus to transfer data between said microcomputer and said first and second external devices comprising the steps of;

storing address data defining said first predetermined address area in a register included in said microcomputer by a processor unit in said microcomputer;

comparing an address signal outputted from said processor unit in said microcomputer to said internal address bus with said address data stored in said register by a comparator in said microcomputer;

if a result of said comparing step indicates that an address indicated by said address signal is in said first predetermined address area, controlling the data input and output circuit by said processor unit in response to a result of the comparing step so that first and second parts of said internal data bus are coupled to said external data terminals of said first external device via said external data bus in time division; and

,

if a result of the comparing step indicates that an address indicated by said address signal is in said second predetermined address area, controlling the data input and output circuit by said processor unit in response to a result of the comparing step so that said internal data bus is coupled to said external data terminals of said second external device via said external data bus.

6. A single chip microcomputer comprising:

an address bus including a plurality of address lines;

external address terminals coupled to the address bus;

a data bus including first data lines and second data lines;

first and second external data terminals, a number of which is identical to that of the first and second data lines;

a data multiplexer circuit coupled between the data bus and the first and second external data terminals;

a processor unit coupled to the address bus and to the data bus and for providing an address signal to the address bus to access an address designated by the address signal, wherein the processor unit can access an address in a predetermined address space which is defined by the address bus;

first register means coupled to the address bus and the data bus and for storing first address data defining a first address area in the predetermined address space, wherein the first address data is written by the processor unit; and

first comparator means coupled to the address bus and an output of the first register means and for providing a first output signal when the address designated by the address signal is in the first address area, and providing a second output signal when the address designated by the address signal is not in the first address area,

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the first output signal and controls the data multiplexer circuit to couple the first and second data lines to the first external data terminals in a first clock cycle so that the single-chip microcomputer has a first data bus size, and

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the second output signal and controls the data multiplexer to couple the first and second data lines to the first and second external data terminals, respectively, in a second clock cycle so that the single-chip microcomputer has a second data bus size.

7. The single-chip microcomputer according to claim 6, wherein the data multiplexer circuit includes:

a first circuit for coupling the first data lines to the first external data terminals;

a second circuit for coupling the second data lines to the second external data terminals; and

a third circuit for coupling the second data lines to the first external data terminals.

8. The single-chip microcomputer according to claim 7, wherein each of the first to third circuits in the data multiplexer circuit includes input and output circuits.

9. The single-chip microcomputer according to claim 8, wherein the first register means includes first and second registers.

10. The single-chip microcomputer according to claim 6, further comprising:

a clock generator coupled to the processor unit for providing a system clock defining operation timing of the processor unit;

second register means coupled to the address bus and to the data bus for storing second address data defining a second address area in the predetermined address space, wherein the second address data is written by the processor unit; and

second comparator means coupled to the address bus and an output of the second register means and for providing a third output signal when the address designated by the address signal is in the second address area, and providing a fourth output signal when the address designated by the address signal is not in the second address area,

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the third output signal and accesses the address designated by the address signal in at least a three state bus cycle which is defined by three cycles of the system clock, and

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the fourth output signal and accesses the address designated by the address signal in a two state bus cycle which is defined by two cycles of the system clock.

11. The single-chip microcomputer according to claim 10, wherein the first and second comparator means are operated simultaneously and independently to one another.

12. The single-chip microcomputer according to claim 10, further comprising:

mode control means for determining an operation mode of the single-chip microcomputer, wherein the single-chip microcomputer has a first operating mode where the single-chip microcomputer has the first data bus size regardless of the first register means, and a second operating mode where the single-chip microcomputer has the first data bus size or the second data bus size in accordance with the first address data stored in the first register means.

13. A data processor system comprising:

an external address bus;

an external data bus having first and second parts;

a first external device coupled to the external address bus and to the first part of the external data bus, wherein the first external device has a first predetermined address area assigned thereto;

a second external device coupled to said external address bus and to the first and second parts of the external data bus, wherein the second external device has a second predetermined address area assigned thereto; and

,

a microcomputer comprising;

address terminals coupled to the external address bus,

an internal address bus coupled to the address terminals,

first and second data terminals coupled to the first and second parts of the external data bus,

an internal data bus including first data lines and second data lines,

a data multiplexer circuit coupled between the internal data bus and the first and second data terminals,

a processor unit coupled to the internal address bus and to the internal data bus and for providing an address signal to the internal address bus to access an address designation by the address signal, wherein the processor can access an address in a predetermined address space which is defined by the internal address bus,

first register means coupled to the internal address bus and the internal data bus and for storing first address data defining the first predetermined address area in the predetermined address space, wherein the first address data is written by the processor unit, and

first comparator means coupled to the internal address bus and an output of the first register means and for providing a first output signal when the address designated by the address signal is in the first predetermined address area, and providing a second output signal when the address designated by the address signal is not in the first predetermined address area,

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the first output signal and controls the data multiplexer circuit so that the microcomputer has a first data bus size where the first and second data lines are coupled to the first part of the external data bus in time division, and

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the second output signal and controls the data multiplexer circuit so that the microcomputer has a second data bus size where the first and second data lines are coupled to the first and second parts of the external data bus, respectively.

14. A data processor system according to claim 13, wherein the data multiplexer circuit includes:

a first circuit for coupling the first data lines to the first external data terminals,

a second circuit for coupling the second data lines to the second external data terminals, and

a third circuit for coupling the second data lines to the first external data terminals.

15. A data processor system according to claim 14, wherein each of the first to third circuits in the data multiplexer circuit includes input and output circuits.

16. A data processor system according to claim 13, wherein the first register means includes first and second registers.

17. A data processor system according to claim 13, further comprising:

a clock generator coupled to the processor unit for providing a system clock defining operation timing of the processor unit;

second register means coupled to the internal address bus and to the internal data bus for storing second address data defining a second address area in the predetermined address spaced wherein the second address data is written by the processor unit; and

second comparator means coupled to the internal address bus and an output of the second register means and for providing a third output signal when the address designated by the address signal is in the second address area, and providing a fourth output signal when the address designated by the address signal is not in the second address area,

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the third output signal and accesses the address designated by the address signal in at least a three state bus cycle which is defined by three cycles of the system clock, and

wherein the processor unit is responsive to the fourth output signal and accesses the address designated by the address signal in a two state bus cycle which is defined by two cycles of the system clock.

18. A data processor system according to claim 17, wherein the first and second comparator means are operated simultaneously and independently to one another.

19. A processor on a semiconductor substrate comprising:

first and second data terminals;

a data bus including first and second data lines, a number of the first and second data lines being identical to that of the first and second data terminals;

address terminals;

an address bus coupled to the address terminals;

a bus master coupled to the data bus and to the address bus and for providing an address signal to the address bus, thereby accessing an address designated by the address signal;

address detecting means disposed within the processor including;

first register means for storing first address data defining a first address area; and

first comparator means coupled to an output of the first address means and to the address bus and for providing a first output signal when the address is in the first address area, and providing a second output signal when the address is not in the first address area; and

data multiplexer means coupled between the data bus and the first and second data terminals, for coupling the first and second data lines to the first data terminals in a first clock cycle in response to the first output signal, and coupling the first and second data lines to the first and second data terminals, respectively, in a second clock cycle in response to the second output signal.

20. A processor according to claim 19, wherein the data multiplexer [circuit]means includes:

a first multiplexer means for coupling the first data lines to the first external data terminals,

a second multiplexer means for coupling the second data lines to the second external data terminals, and

a third multiplexer means for coupling the second data lines to the first external data terminals.

21. A processor according to claim 20 wherein each of the first to third circuits in the data multiplexer means includes input and output circuits.

22. A processor according to claim 19, wherein the first register means includes first and second registers.

23. A processor according to claim 19, further comprising:

a clock generator coupled to the bus master for providing a system clock defining an operation timing of the bus master;

wherein address detecting means further includes;

second register means for storing second address data defining a second address area, and

second comparator means coupled to the address bus and an output of the second register means and for providing a third output signal when the address is in the second address area, and providing a fourth output signal when the address is not in the second address area,

wherein the bus master is responsive to the third output signal and accesses the address in at least a three state bus cycle which is defined by three clocks of the system clock, and

wherein the bus master is responsive to the fourth output signal and accesses the address in a two state bus cycle which is defined by two clocks of the system clock.

24. A processor according to claim 23, wherein the bus master is a processor unit.

25. A processor according to claim 24, wherein the first and second register means are coupled to the address bus and to the data bus, and wherein the first address data and the second address data are written by the processor unit, respectively.