Method and apparatus for detecting and decoding bar code symbols using two-dimensional digital pixel images

• US 5,343,028 A
• Filed: 08/10/1992
• Issued: 08/30/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/10/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Parcel Service Of America Incorporated (United Parcel Service Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: United Parcel Service Of America Incorporated (United Parcel Service Incorporated)
• Inventors: Figarella, Luis, Klancnik, Mihael
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Davis L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Frech, Karl D.
• Application Number:
  US07/927,910
• Time in Patent Office: 750 Days
• Field of Search: 235/462, 235/463
• US Class Current: 235/462.09
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1093 sensing, after transfer of the image of the data-field to an intermediate store, e.g. storage with cathode ray tube
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1443 locating of the code in an image
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1456 determining the orientation of the optical code with respect to the reader and correcting therefore
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1465 using several successive scans of the optical code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1469 using sub-pixel interpolation
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1486 Setting the threshold-width for bar codes to be decoded
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1491 the method including a reconstruction step, e.g. stitching two pieces of bar code together to derive the full bar code

Abstract

A system for detecting a bar code symbol receives a two-dimensional image containing the symbol, where the system has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of the symbol in the image. The system scans the image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for the symbol and searches the image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of the symbol.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a bar code symbol with a bar code symbol reader, comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a two-dimensional image containing said symbol, wherein said bar code symbol reader has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of said symbol in said image;

(b) scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for said symbol; and

(c) searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said image contains a plurality of bar code symbols of unknown orientation, wherein said scanning of step (b) and said searching of step (c) locates and identifies, respectively, a first symbol of said plurality of symbols, and further comprising the steps of:

(d) scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for a second symbol of said plurality of symbols; and

(e) searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said second symbol.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said scanning of step (d) ignores said first symbol.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said scanning is performed at low resolution and said searching is performed at high resolution

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said scanning of step (b) is in a first direction and further comprising the step of scanning said image in a second direction to locate a quiet zone for said symbol.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

(d) locating first and second corners of said symbol;

(e) scanning said image to locate a second quiet zone for said symbol;

(f) searching said image to identify a second start/stop character of said symbol; and

(g) locating third and fourth corners of said symbol.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of decoding said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

8. An apparatus for detecting a bar code symbol, comprising:

(a) means for receiving a two-dimensional image containing said symbol, wherein said apparatus has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of said symbol in said image;

(b) scanning means for scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for said symbol; and

(c) searching means for searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said image contains a plurality of bar code symbols of unknown orientation, said scanning means locates a first symbol of said plurality of symbols, said searching means identifies said first symbol, said scanning means further scans said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for a second symbol of said plurality of symbols, and said searching means searches said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said second symbol.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said scanning means ignores said first symbol when scanning for said second symbol.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said scanning means scans at low resolution and said searching means searches at high resolution.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said scanning means scans said image in a first direction and then said scanning means scans said image in a second direction.

13. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:

(d) means for locating first and second corners of said symbol;

(e) means for scanning said image to locate a second quiet zone for said symbol;

(f) means for searching said image to identify a second start/stop character of said symbol; and

(g) means for locating third and fourth corners of said symbol.

14. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising means for decoding said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

15. A method for detecting a bar code symbol with a bar code symbol reader, comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a two-dimensional image containing said symbol, wherein said bar code symbol reader has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of said symbol in said image;

(b) scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for said symbol; and

(c) searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said symbol, wherein said scanning is performed at low resolution and said searching is performed at high resolution.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said image contains a plurality of bar code symbols of unknown orientation, wherein said scanning of step (b) and said searching of step (c) locates and identifies, respectively, a first symbol of said plurality of symbols, and further comprising the steps of:

(d) scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for a second symbol of said plurality of symbols; and

(e) searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said second symbol.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said scanning of step (d) ignores said first symbol.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein said scanning of step (b) is in a first direction and further comprising the step of scanning said image in a second direction to locate a quiet zone for said symbol.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein step (c) further comprises the step of subpixel interpolation to identify said start/stop character.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising the steps of:

(d) locating first and second corners of said symbol;

(e) scanning said image to locate a second quiet zone for said symbol;

(f) searching said image to identify a second start/stop character of said symbol; and

(g) locating third and fourth corners of said symbol.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of decoding said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

22. An apparatus for detecting a bar code symbol, comprising:

(a) means for receiving a two-dimensional image containing said symbol, wherein said apparatus has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of said symbol in said image;

(b) scanning means for scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for said symbol; and

(c) searching means for searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said symbol, wherein said scanning means scans at low resolution and said searching means searches at high resolution.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said image contains a plurality of bar code symbols of unknown orientation, said scanning means locates a first symbol of said plurality of symbols, said searching means identifies said first symbol, said scanning means further scans said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for a second symbol of said plurality of symbols, and said searching means searches said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said second symbol.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said scanning means ignores said first symbol when scanning for said second symbol.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said scanning means scans said image in a first direction and then said scanning means scans said image in a second direction.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said searching means performs subpixel interpolation to identify said start/stop character.

27. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising:

(d) means for locating first and second corners of said symbol;

(e) means for scanning said image to locate a second quiet zone for said symbol;

(f) means for searching said image to identify a second start/stop character of said symbol; and

(g) means for locating third and fourth corners of said symbol.

28. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising means for decoding said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

29. A method for detecting a bar code symbol with a bar code symbol reader, comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a two-dimensional image containing said symbol, wherein said bar code symbol reader has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of said symbol in said image;

(b) scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for said symbol;

(c) searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said symbol;

(d) locating first and second corners of said symbol;

(e) scanning said image to locate a second quiet zone for said symbol;

(f) searching said image to identify a second start/stop character of said symbol; and

(g) locating third and fourth corners of said symbol.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein said image contains a plurality of bar code symbols of unknown orientation, wherein said scanning of step (b) and said searching of step (c) locates and identifies, respectively, a first symbol of said plurality of symbols, and further comprising the steps of:

(h) scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for a second symbol of said plurality of symbols; and

(i) searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said second symbol.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein said scanning of step (h) ignores said first symbol.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein said scanning is performed at low resolution and said searching is performed at high resolution.

33. The method of claim 29, wherein said scanning of step (b) is in a first direction and further comprising the step of scanning said image in a second direction to locate a quiet zone for said symbol.

34. The method of claim 29, wherein step (c) further comprises the step of subpixel interpolation to identify said start/stop character.

35. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of decoding said symbol using subpixel interpolation.

36. An apparatus for detecting a bar code symbol, comprising:

(a) means for receiving a two-dimensional image containing said symbol, wherein said apparatus has no a priori knowledge of the orientation of said symbol in said image;

(b) scanning means for scanning said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for said symbol;

(c) searching means for searching said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said symbol;

(d) means for locating first and second corners of said symbol;

(e) means for scanning said image to locate a second quiet zone for said symbol;

(f) means for searching said image to identify a second start/stop character of said symbol; and

(g) means for locating third and fourth corners of said symbol.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said image contains a plurality of bar code symbols of unknown orientation, said scanning means locates a first symbol of said plurality of symbols, said searching means identifies said first symbol, said scanning means further scans said image in one dimension to locate a quiet zone for a second symbol of said plurality of symbols, and said searching means searches said image in one dimension to identify a start/stop character of said second symbol.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein said scanning means ignores said first symbol when scanning for said second symbol.

39. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said scanning means scans at low resolution and said searching means searches at high resolution.

40. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said scanning means scans said image in a first direction and then said scanning means scans said image in a second direction.

41. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said searching means performs subpixel interpolation to identify said start/stop character.

42. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising means for decoding said symbol using subpixel interpolation.