Apparatus for providing two-way communication in underground facilities

• US 5,345,473 A
• Filed: 09/17/1993
• Issued: 09/06/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Outokumpu Oyj
• Original Assignee: Outokumpu Oyj
• Inventors: Berg, Antti
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): TSE, YOUNG TOI
• Application Number:
  US08/123,691
• Time in Patent Office: 354 Days
• Field of Search: 375/5-7, 375/28, 375/45, 375/75, 375/88, 375/104, 379/58, 379/61, 455/19, 455/21, 455/24, 455/40-41, 455/55.1, 455/78, 455/82-83, 343/741
• US Class Current: 375/218
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/28 using the near field of leaky cables, e.g. of leaky coaxial cables
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/48 Transceivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/10 Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying H04L27/32 takes precedence

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus which is desiged for underground use in order to facilitate a two-way communication. The apparatus is operated within the frequency band 0.1-2 MHz, in order to make the electromagnetic waves propagate advantageously by utilizing the metal structures installed in the underground facilities and the bedrock itself. According to the invention, the transmitter/receiver unit is provided with an analog to digital converter (5) and respectively a digital to analog converter (20) in order to transmit the intermediate signal coded in digital form in between the two units of the apparatus.

Claims

1. A receiver apparatus for receiving information in an underground facility comprising:

an antenna means for receiving a digitally frequency shift keyed modulated electromagnetic carrier signal at a frequency in the range 0.1-2 MHz and having a sequence of high modulation frequency time intervals and low modulation frequency time intervals and generating a received signal;

a selective receiver means for receiving the received signal from the antenna means and selecting predetermined frequency components of the received signal and rejecting other frequency components of the received signal so as to produce a first IF signal having the digitally modulation of the digitally electromagnetic carrier signal, said selective receiver means including a frequency tuning means for tuning the selective receiver means, a frequency display means for providing a display of frequency to which the selective receiver means is tuned, and a signal strength meter for providing a display of strength of the received signal;

a frequency shift keying detector for demodulating the first IF signal and producing a digital signal as a series of 1'"'"'s and 0'"'"'s according to the respective high modulation frequency time intervals and low modulation frequency time intervals of the first IF signal;

a digital-to-analog converter for converting the digital signal to analog form according to a predetermined decoding algorithm and producing an analog electrical signal; and

an audio generator for receiving the analog electrical signal and producing an acoustic signal representative of the analog electrical signal.

2. A receiver apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an amplifier and filter means between the frequency shift keying detector and the digital-to-analog converter for receiving said digital signal from the frequency shift keying detector and producing a conditioned digital signal by removing values of the digital signal which do not represent a valid value as determined according to a predetermined encoding sequence and outputting the conditioned digital signal as said digital signal to be received by the digital-to-analog converter.

3. A receiver apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined decoding algorithm of the digital-to-analog converter is a delta decoding algorithm.

4. A receiver apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the selective receiver means has an input port of a high input impedance for receiving said received signal, and the antenna means comprises an antenna having an output port of a given antenna impedance and a matching network between the antenna and the selective receiver means for matching the input impedance of the selective receiver means to the antenna impedance of the antenna so as to form a parallel resonant tank circuit having a parallel resonant frequency equal to said carrier frequency.

5. A receiver apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the digital modulation of the digitally frequency shift keyed modulated carrier signal is representative of digitized audio speech that has been sampled and digitally encoded only to the extent necessary to convey the information thereof, and wherein the audio generator functions to reproduce the information of said audio speech as said acoustic signal produced by the audio generator from said analog electrical signal.

6. A transceiver apparatus for providing two-way information communication in an underground facility, comprising:

a transmitter device having an audio input for receiving an input signal containing primary information, a filter means for filtering the input signal and producing a primary signal having only those frequency components necessary for communicating said primary information, an analog-to-digital converter for converting the primary signal into a digital signal according to a predetermined coding algorithm, and a modulator for producing a modulated carrier signal by using said digital signal and a predetermined modulation format to modulate a carrier signal having a frequency in the range from 0.1-2 MHz;

an antenna network having an antenna, said antenna network being operable selectively either for receiving the modulated carrier signal from the transmitter device and propagating the modulated carrier signal in electromagnetic form, or for receiving a modulated electromagnetic carrier signal having a frequency in the range from 0.1 to 2 MHz and generating a received signal; and

a receiver device having a receiver input for receiving the received signal, a selective receiver means for removing frequency components outside a predetermined spectral range from the received signal for producing an IF signal having the modulation that was present on the modulated electromagnetic signal, a detector for demodulating the IF signal according to the inverse of said predetermined modulation format to produce a received digital signal, a digital-to-analog converter for producing a decoded digital signal by decoding the received digital signal according to the inverse of said predetermined coding algorithm, and an audio generator for producing an analog output signal representative of the decoded digital signal, said selective receiver means including a frequency tuning means for tuning the selective receiver means, a frequency display means for providing a display of frequency to which the selective receiver means is tuned, and a signal strength meter for providing a display of strength of the received signal.

7. A transceiver apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the received digital signal produced by the detector of the receiver device comprises a bit sequence of 1'"'"'s and 0'"'"'s and the receiver device further comprises a second filter means between the detector and the digital-to-analog converter for correcting erroneous bits of said received digital signal according to the sequence required according to said predetermined coding algorithm and said second filter means outputs the corrected digital signal as said received digital signal to the digital-to-analog converter.

8. A transceiver apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined coding algorithm is delta coding.

9. A transceiver apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined modulation format is frequency shift keying.

10. A transceiver apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the selective receiver means of the receiver device has a high input impedance, the modulator of the transmitter device further has a given transmitter output impedance, the antenna of the antenna network has a given antenna impedance, and the antenna network comprises a transmitter matching network for matching the transmitter output impedance of the modulator with the given antenna impedance when the antenna is operable to propagate said modulated carrier signal in electromagnetic form, wherein said transmitter matching network creates a series resonant circuit having a series resonant frequency equal to the frequency of said carrier signal, and a receiver matching network for matching the antenna impedance to the high input impedance of the selective receiver means when the antenna is operable to receive the modulated electromagnetic carrier, wherein said receiver matching network forms a parallel resonant tank circuit having a parallel resonant frequency equal to the frequency of said modulated electromagnetic carrier.

11. A transceiver apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the antenna is a loop antenna having two opposite ends, said ends being connected to said transmitter matching network when the antenna is operable to propagate said modulated carrier signal in electromagnetic form and connected to said receiver matching network when the antenna is operable to receive the modulated electromagnetic carrier.

12. A transceiver apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising control means for selectively connecting either the transmitter device or the receiver device to the antenna network so that when the transmitter device is connected to the antenna network and the antenna network receives the modulated carrier signal from the transmitter, the antenna propagates the modulated carrier signal in electromagnetic form, and when the receiver device is connected to the antenna network and the antenna receives a modulated electromagnetic carrier having a frequency in the range from 0.1 to 2 MHz, the antenna network generates the received signal which is applied to the receiver input of the receiver device.