Method and apparatus for tracking the position and velocity of airborne instrumentation

• US 5,347,285 A
• Filed: 06/15/1992
• Issued: 09/13/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/15/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Vaisala Oyj
• Original Assignee: Air, Inc.
• Inventors: Call, David B., Gold, Kenneth L., MacDoran, Peter F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Application Number:
  US07/898,948
• Time in Patent Office: 820 Days
• Field of Search: 342/357, 342/352, 342/450, 342/453, 342/463, 342/464, 342/465, 375/1
• US Class Current: 342/357.48
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/09 providing processing capability normally carried out by the receiver
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/35 Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/37 Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/42 Determining position
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/52 Determining velocity
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0036 of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station

Abstract

A method and system for tracking the position of at least one moving object, such as, an airborne meteorological instrument from a ground processing station by intercepting wideband spread spectrum signals transmitted from a plurality of satellites in which the code sequence of the signals is not known comprises a receiver circuit in the moving object which compresses the wideband signals received into a narrow band, removes any frequency bias with a reference oscillator having a frequency offset value, forms a narrow analog base-band and transmits to the processing station at which spectral lines are produced and compared with synthetic spectrum values to determine the identity of each satellite, the reference oscillator frequency offset value is estimated, and the location and velocity of the moving object is determined.

Claims

1. The method for tracking the position of at least one moving object from a processing station wherein a receiver in each of said moving objects intercepts wideband spread spectrum signals transmitted from a plurality of satellites passing above the horizon, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) compressing said wideband signals received from each said satellite into a narrow band by a ratio of at least 100;

1 without knowledge of the code sequence of said wideband signals;

(b) removing frequency bias with a reference oscillator having a frequency offset value whereby to produce a narrow baseband;

(c) forming said narrow baseband so as to be comprised of sine wave superpositions;

(d) transmitting said baseband to said processing station and producing a digital representation of said sine wave superpositions at said processing station;

(e) processing said digital representations to produce spectral lines composed of amplitude, frequency and phase values;

(f) generating a synthetic spectrum including a frequency offset value corresponding to the frequency offset value of said reference oscillator based on approximate location and velocity of said satellites and the moving object and producing digital synthetic spectrum values representative of said spectrum;

(g) comparing said spectral lines with said digital synthetic spectrum values to determine the identity of each said satellite corresponding to each said spectral line; and

(h) estimating the reference oscillator frequency offset value in determining the location and velocity of each said moving object.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) is further characterized by multiplying in-phase and delayed path signals in compressing the band of the signals into a width of 70 Hz with a center frequency of 10.23 MHz.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (c) is characterized in that said reference oscillator is a 10.2298 MHz crystal oscillator.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said frequency offset value in step (f) corresponds to the estimated actual frequency offset value of said reference oscillator.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (e) is further characterized by Fast Fourier Transform processing said digital representations to reproduce said spectral lines.

6. The method according to claim 1, further characterized in step (h) by determining the actual down conversion oscillator frequency offset of said reference oscillator.

7. The method for tracking the position and velocity of an airborne meteorological instrument from a processing station remote from said instrument wherein a receiver in said instrument intercepts wideband spread spectrum signals transmitted from satellites above the horizon, the method comprising:

(a) compressing said wideband spectrum signals received from said satellites into a narrow band on the order of 70 Hz centered at 10.23 MHz;

(b) removing frequency bias with a reference oscillator whereby to produce a narrow baseband that will not pass into a negative frequency space;

(c) forming said narrow baseband of 200±

150 Hz comprised of sine wave superpositions;

(d) transmitting said baseband to said processing station and producing a digital representation of said sine wave superpositions at said processing station;

(e) processing said digital representations to produce spectral lines composed of amplitude, frequency and phase values;

(f) generating a synthetic spectrum including a frequency offset value corresponding to the frequency offset value of said reference oscillator based on approximate location and velocity of said visible satellites and converting to digital values representative of said spectrum; and

(g) comparing said spectral lines with said digital values to determine the location of said instrument.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein step (a) is characterized by said band including in-phase and delayed path signals, and multiplying said in-phase and delayed path signals in compressing the band of said signals into a width of 70 Hz with a center frequency of 10.23 MHz.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein step (b) includes transmitting said base-band together with other meteorological data via standard meteorological radio transmission.

10. The method according to claim 7, said reference oscillator being a 10.2298 MHz crystal oscillator.

11. The method according to claim 7, step (e) including the step of Fast Fourier Transform processing said digital representations to reproduce said spectral lines.

12. The method according to claim 10, said oscillator having an approximate predetermined oscillator frequency offset value, and step (g) including the step of determining the actual down conversion oscillator frequency offset value of said reference oscillator.

13. In apparatus for tracking a moving object at a processing station by intercepting wideband spread spectrum signals transmitted from a plurality of satellites in which the code sequence of said spread spectrum signals is not known, a receiver circuit in said moving object comprising:

(a) signal compressing means for compressing said wideband signals received from each said satellite into a narrow band including means for producing in-phase and delayed path signals from said spread spectrum signals, and said signal compressing means including means for multiplying said in-phase and delayed path signals whereby to compress said spread spectrum signals into a width of 70 Hz with a center frequency of 10.23 MHz;

(b) baseband means for forming a narrow analog baseband comprised of sine wave superpositions from said narrow band;

(c) reference oscillator means for removing any frequency bias present in said signal compressing means; and

(d) means for transmitting said baseband from said receiver circuit after any frequency bias has been removed.

14. In apparatus according to claim 13, said multiplying means including an active mixer.

15. In apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a processing station includes means for processing said digital representations to produce spectral lines composed of amplitude, frequency and phase values.

16. In apparatus according to claim 15, said processing means including Fast Fourier Transform processing said digital representations to reproduce said spectral lines.

17. In apparatus according to claim 15, including means for generating a synthetic spectrum having a frequency offset value corresponding to the frequency offset value of said reference oscillator based on approximate location and velocity of said satellites.

18. In apparatus according to claim 17, including means for comparing said spectral lines with said digital synthetic spectrum values to determine the identity of each said satellite corresponding to each said spectral line, and means for estimating the reference oscillator frequency offset value and determining the location and velocity of each said moving object.

20. In apparatus according to claim 16, wherein means are provided for generating a synthetic spectrum including a frequency offset value corresponding to the frequency offset value of said reference oscillator and converting to digital synthetic spectrum values representative of said spectrum, and means for comparing said spectral lines with said digital synthetic spectrum value to determine the identity of each said satellite corresponding to each said spectral line.

19. In apparatus for tracking the position of an airborne meteorological instrument from a processing station on the ground wherein said instrument transmits meteorological data to said processing station and said instrument includes a receiver circuit therein for intercepting wideband spread spectrum signals transmitted from a plurality of satellites passing above the horizon in which the code sequence of said spread spectrum signals is not known, the combination comprising:

said receiver circuit including signal compressing means for compressing the band of the signals received from each said satellite into a narrow band, baseband means for forming a narrow analog baseband comprised of sine wave superpositions from said narrow band, reference oscillator means for removing any frequency bias present in said compressing means including a reference oscillator whose stability is on the order of 10 ppm, means for transmitting said baseband from said receiver circuit after any frequency bias has been removed; and

said processing station including means for receiving signals transmitted from said instrument including said meteorological data and said baseband, means for producing a digital representation of said sine wave superpositions in said baseband, means for processing said digital representations to produce spectral lines composed of amplitude, frequency and phase values, and means for estimating the frequency offset value of said reference oscillator to a precision on the order of 0.001 ppm in determining the location and velocity of said instrument.