Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery

• US 5,348,820 A
• Filed: 07/09/1993
• Issued: 09/20/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 07/10/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nippon Mitsubshi Oil Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nippon Oil Corporation (ENEOS Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kuroda, Nobuyuki, Suga, Masanobu, Akita, Seiichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/089,750
• Time in Patent Office: 438 Days
• Field of Search: 429/229, 429/215, 429/216, 429/137, 429/212, 429/209, 429/246, 429/206, 29/623.5
• US Class Current: 429/216
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/244 Zinc electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49115 including coating or impregnating

Abstract

A negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery capable of suppressing the occurrence of dendrite and shape change is provided. The negative zinc electrode comprises an electrode using zinc as an active material and a polymer layer formed substantially in direct contact with the electrode, the polymer layer comprising a polymer having an oxygen permeability constant of not less than 1×10^-10 cm³ (STP) cm^-1 s^-1 cmHg^-1.

Claims

1. A negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery, comprising an electrode using zinc as an active material and a polymer layer coated on said electrode, said polymer layer comprising a polymer having an oxygen permeability constant of not less than 1×

10^-10 cm³ (STP) cm^-1 s^-1 cmHg^-1.

2. A negative zinc electrode as set forth in claim 1, wherein the polymer layer comprises at least two kinds of polymers.

3. A negative zinc electrode as set forth in claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polymer having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 2,000,000 and is selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes, polyorganosiloxanes, polyvinyltriorganosiloxanes, polyalkylsulfones, poly(4-methylpentene-1), poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) and low-density polyethylenes.

4. A negative zinc electrode as set forth in claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises at least one functional group introduced therein, the functional group is selected from the group consisting of --COOH, --CN, --CONH₂ and --N⁺ R₃ wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the functional group is introduced in the polymer in a proportion of 1 to 50 units for 10 monomer units of the polymer.

5. A negative zinc electrode as set forth in claim 3, wherein the polymer contains a further polymer is an amount sufficient to decrease an internal impedance, said further polymer exhibiting an ion conductivity of 10^-3 to 10¹ S/cm in a fully swollen condition in an electrolyte.

6. A negative zinc electrode as set forth in claim 5, wherein said further polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidine, polyparabanic acid, polyoxazoline, or polyethylene oxide.

8. An alkaline storage battery comprising the negative zinc electrode described in claim 1, a separator, a positive electrode and an electrolyte.

7. A method for making a negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery, comprising the steps of forming on a zinc electrode a coating containing at least a polymer precursor which is in the state of a sol and then causing gelation of the polymer precursor sol to form a polymer layer coated on the zinc electrode, said polymer layer having an oxygen permeability constant of not less than 1×

10^-10 cm³ (STP) cm^-1 s^-1 cmHg^-1.