Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries

• US 5,350,645 A
• Filed: 06/21/1993
• Issued: 09/27/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/1993
• Status: Expired

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Micron Semiconductor, Inc. (Micron Technology, Inc.)
• Inventors: Tuttle, John R., Lake, Rickie C.
• Primary Examiner(s): KALAFUT, STEPHEN J
• Application Number:
  US08/081,007
• Time in Patent Office: 463 Days
• Field of Search: 429/124, 429/130, 429/162, 429/246, 429/192, 429/127, 29/623.3, 29/623.4
• US Class Current: 429/124
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0436 Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/04 Processes of manufacture in general
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0402 Methods of deposition of the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0404 by coating on electrode collectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0414 by screen printing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0435 Rolling or calendering
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0483 by methods including the handling of a melt H01M4/0438, take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/188 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/40 Printed batteries , e.g. thin film batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/42 Grouping of primary cells into batteries H01M6/40 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49112 including laminating of indefinite length material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49114 including adhesively bonding

Abstract

Improved polymer batteries and improved methods of manufacturing such polymer batteries are provided. One improved method of manufacture involves the formation of a laminated array structure that includes a number of individual battery cells. After formation of the laminated array the individual batteries are singulated from the array by cutting, shearing or stamping. Other manufacturing improvements include the use of a printing process (e.g. stenciling) to form the cathodes, the use of permanent mask layers to contain and insulate the cathodes and anodes, and the use of a molten lithium deposition process for forming the anodes.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing thin batteries, comprising:

forming a cathode layer by depositing a cathode material onto a cathode substrate in a pattern to form cathodes;

separating the cathodes with an insulating cathode mask;

forming a separator/electrolyte layer of a solid electrolyte material in contact with the cathodes;

forming an anode layer by depositing an anode material as a patterned solder on an anode substrate to form anodes for contact with the separator/electrolytic layer;

separating the anodes with an insulated anode mask;

combining the separate layers together to form a laminated array structure containing multiple battery cells; and

singulating individual battery cells from the laminated array structure.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate in a discrete pattern using a printing process.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2 and wherein the anode material is lithium.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 and further comprising forming a second cathode layer, a second separator/electrolyte layer and a second anode layer to form multiple stacked battery cells.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the cathode substrate comprises a patterned metal foil.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing an insulating paint having a pattern of openings on the cathode substrate and then depositing the cathode material into the openings.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein singulating the individual battery cells is by cutting, shearing or stamping.

6. The method as claimed in claim i and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate using a stencil to pattern the cathode material.

9. A method of manufacturing thin polymer batteries by forming a laminated array containing multiple battery cells by the steps comprising;

forming a cathode substrate layer of a conductive material;

forming cathodes for the battery cells by depositing a cathode material in a discrete pattern on the cathode substrate layer and separating the cathodes with a cathode mask;

placing a separator/insulator layer in contact with the cathodes;

forming an anode substrate layer of a conductive material;

forming anodes for the battery cells by depositing a molten anode material in a discreet pattern on the anode substrate layer and separating the anodes with an anode mask;

placing the anodes in contact with the separator/insulator layer; and

singulating the individual battery cells from the laminated array.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9 and wherein the cathode material is deposited on the cathode substrate using a printing process.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10 and wherein the printing process uses stencils to pattern the cathode material.

12. The method as claimed in claim 11 and wherein the anodes are formed by depositing molten lithium solder in a pattern on the anode substrate.

13. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the cathode substrate is formed of a sheet of patterned metal.

14. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the laminated array is formed with more than one layer of anodes and more than one layer of cathodes to form stacked battery cells.

15. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the cathode mask is formed with studs to prevent the cathodes from being compressed and shorted.

16. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the anode substrate is formed of a sheet of patterned metal.

17. A method of forming a thin battery comprising the steps of:

providing a cathode substrate layer;

depositing a cathode material on the substrate layer using a first stencil formed with a first opening and printing the cathode material through the first opening onto the substrate layer to form a cathode;

depositing an electrolytic material on the cathode using a second stencil formed with a second opening and printing the electrolytic material through the second opening onto the cathode; and

forming an anode on the electrolytic material.

18. The method as claimed in claim 17 and wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening and the electrolytic material overlaps opposite sides of the cathode.

19. A thin battery comprising:

a cathode substrate formed of a conductive material;

a cathode deposited in a discrete pattern on the cathode substrate by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate using a printing process;

a cathode mask formed on the cathode substrate for separating and insulating the cathode said cathode mask including studs to prevent compression and shorting of the cathode;

a separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode;

an anode deposited in a discrete pattern on a conductive anode substrate in contact with the separator/electrolyte layer and formed by depositing a molten anode material onto the anode substrate; and

an anode mask formed on the anode substrate for separating and insulating the anode.

20. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the printing process for depositing the cathode material uses stencils.

21. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the anode is formed of lithium applied as a patterned solder.

22. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the printing process for depositing the cathode material uses insulating paint deposited onto the cathode substrate.

23. The thin polymer battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the battery further comprises:

a second cathode formed of a cathode material deposited on the anode substrate by a printing process and insulated by a second cathode mask;

a second separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the second cathode; and

a second anode in contact with the second separator/electrolyte layer and formed of an anode material deposited on a second anode substrate.

24. The thin polymer battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein a plurality of identical batteries are assembled in a laminated array and then singulated from the array.

25. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the separator/electrolyte layer is stenciled onto the cathode.