Online tomographic gauging of sheet metal

• US 5,351,203 A
• Filed: 08/03/1992
• Issued: 09/27/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ISG Technologies, Inc. (International Business Machines Corporation), Scientific Measurement Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Bethlehem Steel Corporation (ArcelorMittal SA), Scientific Measurement Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Stephens, Thomas W., Savage, Richard D., Romberger, Charles J., Hoffman, Carvel D., Ellinger, Hunter
• Primary Examiner(s): Harvey, Jack B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHOI, KYLE JAEHUN
• Application Number:
  US07/924,105
• Time in Patent Office: 785 Days
• Field of Search: 364/560, 364/561, 364/562, 364/563, 364/564, 364/472, 378/9, 378/10, 378/15, 378/56
• US Class Current: 702/172
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 15/025 by measuring absorption
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 15/045 by measuring absorption

Abstract

The present invention relates to a computer tomography system which measures the thickness and edge position of hot-rolled steel. X-rays produced by two X-ray sources are directed, through the sample being measured, to a plurality of radiation detectors. The radiation detectors measure the attenuation of the X-rays caused by the sample. The attenuation levels sensed by each detector are correlated with each detector'"'"'s physical location. This information is collected as each X-ray source illuminates the radiation detectors. The collected information is triangulated or averaged, as necessary, to determine the dimensions and position of the measured sample.

Claims

1. A method of determining the dimensions of an object having a left edge and a right edge, said method comprising the steps of:

a) generating a plurality of fan shaped beams of radiation from a respective plurality of distinct stationary physical locations, wherein each one of said plurality of fan shaped beams is divided into a plurality of fan ray elements;

b) alternately directing each one of said plurality of fan shaped beams towards said object and respective ones of a plurality of detectors, wherein each one of said plurality of fan shaped beams penetrates said object from said left edge of said object to said right edge of said object;

c) detecting several fan ray elements from each of said plurality of fan shaped beams, said several fan ray elements being detected by the plurality of detectors;

d) producing a plurality of data signals corresponding to said detected fan ray elements;

e) correlating each of said plurality of data signals with a physical location corresponding to a respective one of said plurality of detectors to determine the dimensions of the object.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said produced plurality of data signals corresponds to the attenuation of a different one of said detected fan ray elements at a known coordinate and step e) includes the step of triangulating ones of said detected fan ray elements to determine the dimensions of the object.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said left edge of said object and said right edge of said object are substantially parallel to an axis along which said object moves.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of fan shaped beams is generated entirely from one of one side of said object and another side of said object and each of said fan ray elements is detected by the plurality of detectors entirely from one of another side of said object and one side of said object.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said left edge of said object and said right edge of said object are substantially parallel to an axis along which said object moves.

5. A method of determining the dimensions of an object having a left edge and a right edge, said method comprising the steps of:

a) generating each of a plurality of fan shaped beams of radiation from a respective distinct stationary physical location, wherein each fan shaped beam is divided into a plurality of fan ray elements;

b) directing each of said plurality of fan shaped beams entirely from one of one side of said object and another Side of said object toward said object and a plurality of detectors included in a respective one of a plurality of detector banks each situated entirely on one of another side of said object and one side of said object, wherein each of said plurality of fan shaped beams penetrates said object from said left edge of said object to said right edge of said object;

c) detecting several fan ray elements from each of said fan shaped beams, said several fan ray elements detected by the plurality of detectors included in each of said plurality of detector banks;

d) producing a plurality of data signals corresponding to said detected fan ray elements;

e) correlating said plurality of data signals with a physical location corresponding to a respective one of said plurality of detectors included in said respective one of said plurality of detector banks to determine the dimensions of the object.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein each of said produced plurality of data signals corresponds to the attenuation of a different one of said detected fan ray elements at a known coordinate and step e) includes the step of triangulating ones of said detected fan ray elements to determine the dimensions of the object.

8. A system for determining the dimensions of an object having a left edge and a right edge, said system comprising:

a plurality of fan ray sources, each transmitting a plurality of fan rays from a respective plurality of stationary locations toward the object;

detection means, including a plurality of detectors, for detecting several fan rays from each of said fan ray sources, wherein each of said fan ray sources directs fan rays towards said object and selected ones of said plurality of detectors, and wherein each of said plurality of fan shaped beams penetrates said

object from said left edge of said object to said right edge of said object;

data means for producing a plurality of data values, each corresponding to the intensity of ones of said detected fan rays;

data processing means for processing a plurality of said data values to determine the dimensions of the object.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein at least one of said data values indicates that a corresponding fan ray has been attenuated by said object.

10. The system of claim 8, further including collimator means coupled to said plurality of fan ray sources for forming a beam of fan rays.

12. The system of claim 8, further including calibration means coupled to said detection means for calibrating the detection means.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the calibration means comprises a plurality of objects selectively positioned between each of said plurality of fan ray sources and said detection means, each of said objects attenuating each fan ray by a known amount as each fan ray is transmitted through each of said objects.

14. The system of claim 8, wherein each detector comprises:

scintillation means;

a photomultiplier tube optically coupled to the scintillation means.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein each detector comprises:

an amplifier coupled to the photomultiplier tube;

an analog/digital (A/D) converter coupled to the amplifier.

17. The system of claim 8, wherein each detector of said plurality of detectors is encased in a structure including a window, said window comprising titanium.

18. The system of claim 8, wherein the detectors are positioned at an oblique angle to a direction of motion of said object wherein each of said detectors has a top surface which is positioned parallel to the object.

19. The system of claim 8 wherein a scattered ray, formed by the intersection of one of said plurality of fan rays with said object, is detected by said detection means and an erroneous data value is generated by said data means responsive to the detection of said scattered ray, further comprising scatter correction means for correcting said erroneous data value.

20. The system of claim 8, wherein at least one of said left edge of said object and said right edge of said object are substantially parallel to an axis along which said object moves.

21. The system of claim 8, wherein each of said stationary locations is situated entirely on one of one side of said object and another side of said object and each of said plurality of detectors is situated entirely on one of another side of said object and one side of said object.

11. The system of 10, further comprising further collimator means, coupled to said detection means, for significantly reducing the probability that a scattered ray formed by the intersection of one of said plurality of fan rays with said object will reach said detection means.

16. The system of 14, wherein each detector further comprises a light pipe coupling the scintillation means to the photomultiplier tube.

22. Apparatus for use in a steel mill for determining the dimensions of a steel sample having a left edge and a right edge, said apparatus comprising:

a plurality of fan ray radiation sources, each transmitting a fan shaped beam which includes a respective plurality of fan rays toward same steel sample from a respective plurality of fixed physical locations, each fan shaped beam from each of said plurality of fan ray radiation sources penetrating said steel sample from said left edge to said right edge;

detection means, including a plurality of detectors, for detecting several fan rays from each of said radiation sources, and for producing a plurality of data values corresponding to said plurality of fan rays, wherein each of said radiation sources directs fan rays towards said detectors;

data processing means for processing selected ones of said plurality of data values to determine the dimensions of said steel sample.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said selected ones of said plurality of data values correspond to ones of said plurality of fan ray sources which are partially attenuated by the edges of said steel sample.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of said data values indicates that a corresponding fan ray has been attenuated by said steel sample.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein each of said detectors are positioned at an oblique angle relative to the direction of movement of said steel sample in a plane parallel to said steel sample.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said steel sample includes a left edge and a right edge, said data processing means comprising:

means for spatially locating a first fan ray element transmitted between a first of said plurality of fan ray sources and said detection means and to determine at least one of said plurality of data values, said first fan ray intersecting said left edge of said steel sample;

means for spatially locating a second fan ray element located between a second of said plurality of fan ray sources and said detection means and to determine at least one of said plurality of data values, said second fan ray intersecting said left edge of said steel sample;

means for spatially locating a third fan ray element located between said first of said plurality of fan ray sources and said detection means and to determine at least one of said plurality of data values, said third fan ray intersecting said right edge of said steel sample; and

means for spatially locating a fourth fan ray located between said second of said plurality of fan ray sources and said detection means and to determine at least one of said plurality of data values, said fourth fan ray intersecting said right edge of said sheet metal sample.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said data processing means further comprises:

means for triangulating said first fan ray element and said second fan ray element in order to spatially locate the left edge of said steel sample;

means for triangulating said third fan ray element and said fourth fan ray element in order to spatially locate the right edge of said steel sample; and

means for processing the spatial location of said left edge of said steel sample and the spatial location of said right edge of said steel sample in order to determine the width of said steel sample.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said data processing means further comprises:

thickness determination means for determining the thickness of said steel sample at least at one of a plurality of locations on said steel sample relative to at least one of said left edge of said steel sample and said right edge of said steel sample.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said thickness determination means includes means for determining sample curling by measuring thickness of said steel sample based on the attenuation of a fan ray element, measuring thickness of said steel sample based on the attenuation of a further fan ray element which is assumed to intersect said fan ray element at a point inside said steel sample, and comparing said measured thicknesses.

30. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the thickness of said steel sample at least at one of a plurality of locations on said steel sample, the thickness of said steel sample near said left edge of said steel sample and the thickness of said steel sample near said right edge of said steel sample is used to determine a crown measurement of said steel sample.

31. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the thickness of said steel sample at least at one of a plurality of locations on said steel sample, the thickness of said steel sample near said left edge of said steel sample and the thickness of said steel sample near said right edge of said steel sample is used to determine a wedge measurement of said steel sample.

32. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising edge wave detection means for determining edge wave in said steel sample based upon the spatial location of said left edge of said steel sample and the spatial location of said right edge of said steel sample at a plurality of times.

33. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said steel sample makes contact with and is then coiled onto a coiler, and said data processing means processes each data value to determine the dimensions of said sheet steel sample prior to said steel sample making contact with said coiler.

34. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising:

thermal mapping means for determining a thermal profile for said steel sample; and

further data processing means for processing selected ones of said plurality of data values and said thermal profile to determine at least one of said plurality of dimensions for said steel sample at a predetermined temperature.

35. Apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of said left edge of said steel sample and said right edge of said steel sample are substantially parallel to an axis along which said steel sample moves.

36. Apparatus of claim 22, wherein each of said stationary locations is situated entirely on one of one side of said steel sample and another side of said steel sample and each of said plurality of detectors is situated entirely on one of another side of said steel sample and one side of said steel sample.