Method and system for sampling and determining the presence of compounds in containers

• US 5,352,611 A
• Filed: 06/01/1992
• Issued: 10/04/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Coca-Cola Company (The Coca-Cola Company)
• Original Assignee: The Coca-Cola Company
• Inventors: Freeman, W. Fraim, Fine, David H., MacDonald, Stephen J., Thrash, Kenneth M. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Housel, James C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Freed, Rachel
• Application Number:
  US07/890,863
• Time in Patent Office: 855 Days
• Field of Search: 436/47, 436/53, 436/106, 436/135, 436/43, 436/172, 209/3.1, 422/80, 422/82.05, 422/82.08, 422/50, 73/23.35
• US Class Current: 436/43
• CPC Class Codes: B07C 5/34 Sorting according to other particular properties material testing per se G01N; quality control G07C3/14
• CPC Class Codes: B08B 2203/005 the liquid being ozonated
• CPC Class Codes: B08B 9/46 Inspecting cleaned containers for cleanliness
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 17/00 Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics; volume reduction of waste plastics, e.g. by mechanical compacting or melting disposal of solid waste B09B; chemical recovery C08J11/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 17/02 Separating plastics from other materials
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 2017/0203 Separating plastics from plastics
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 2017/0275 using chemical sensors, e.g. analysing gasified constituents
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2067/00 Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/065 containing impurities
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/7158 Bottles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/2202 involving separation of sample components during sampling
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/2226 Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/24 Suction devices G01N1/22 - G01N1/2294 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/2223 aerosol sampling devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/2229 Headspace sampling, i.e. vapour over liquid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2033/0081 containers; packages; bottles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/64 Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/76 Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/766 of gases
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/9018 Dirt detection in containers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/62 : Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/11 : Automated chemical analysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/113332 : with conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or rack
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/118339 : with formation of a segmented stream
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/17 : Nitrogen containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/206664 : Ozone or peroxide

Abstract

A method and apparatus for sampling and determining the presence of certain substances, such as residues of contaminants in containers. The method includes steps of: injecting compressed air into said containers in order to displace at least a portion of the contents thereof; evacuating a sample of the container contents so displaced by applying suction thereto; and analyzing the sample evacuated to determine the presence or absence of the certain residues therein. The compressed air is injected through a nozzle into an opening in the containers to displace a portion of the container contents and form a sample cloud outside of the container. The sample cloud is then at least partially evacuated by suction and the sample is analyzed for the presence of contaminants such as nitrogen containing compounds or hydrocarbons. In one embodiment about 90% of the sample evacuated is diverted from the analyzer and recirculated into the air injector. In another embodiment a fan is provided to blow remnants of the sample cloud downstream of the test station. A hood may be provided in a shroud assembly at the test station to provide proper aerodynamics for the region for removal of those remnants.

Claims

1. A method of sampling and determining the presence of certain substances in a container comprising the steps of:

injecting fluid into an opening in said container in order to displace at least a portion of the contents thereof to form a sample cloud at a region outside of the container adjacent the opening thereof;

evacuating a sample of said portion of the container contents so displaced by applying suction to the sample cloud in said region outside of the container; and

analyzing the sample evacuated to determine the presence or absence of the certain substances therein.

2. The method of claim 1 including the further step of:

moving a plurality of open containers in seriatim past a test station, and fluid is continuously flowed at the test station and suction is continuously applied to evacuate samples as the containers move through said test station.

3. The method of claim 1 including the further step of moving a plurality of open top containers seriatim past a test station and fluid is continuously flowed at the test station.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the injecting step displaces volatile substances from said container.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the flow of injected fluid and/or the application of suction are pulsed.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the initiation of the step of injecting the fluid precedes the initiation of the step of evacuating.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the performance of the steps of injecting and evacuating overlap in time.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of injecting is terminated before initiation of the step of evacuating.

9. The method of claim 5 wherein the steps of injecting and evacuating are synchronized to occur simultaneously for the same duration.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

12. The method of claim 7 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

13. The method of claim 6 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

15. The method of claim 1 including the further step of heating the injected fluid before injection into the container opening.

16. The method of claim 4 wherein said step of analyzing includes the steps of:

heating the sample evacuated;

mixing the heated sample with ozone to cause a chemical reaction therewith in order to generate chemiluminescence of the reactants; and

optically analyzing radiation emitted by chemiluminescence to determine the presence or absence of said certain substances.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the certain substances include nitrogen containing compounds, the step of heating heats the sample to a temperature in a range from about 800°

C. to 1400°

C. of to form nitric oxide, and the ozone chemically reacts with the nitric oxide to generate the chemiluminescence.

37. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of analyzing includes the steps of:

illuminating the sample with radiant energy to generate fluorescence in the sample; and

analyzing radiation emitted by said fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of said certain substances in the sample.

52. The method of claim 37 wherein the sample is selectively illuminated to fluoresce any aromatic hydrocarbons therein.

18. A method of sampling and determining the presence of certain residues in containers moving seriatim past a test station comprising the steps of:

injecting fluid into each container as it reaches said test station to displace at least a portion of the contents of the container to form a sample cloud at a region outside of the container adjacent the opening thereof;

evacuating a sample of said portion of the container contents so displaced by applying suction to the sample cloud in said region outside of the container;

diverting a first portion of the sample; and

analyzing a second portion of the sample evacuated to determine the presence or absence of the container residues therein.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the fluid is continuously injected and the suction is continuously applied to said region to evacuate samples as the containers move through said test station.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein the first portion of said sample diverted is about 90% of the sample evacuated and the second portion of the sample analyzed is about 10% thereof.

21. The method of claim 18 including the further steps of filtering and recirculating the diverted first portion into the fluid being injected into successive containers arriving at the test station.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the initiation of the step of injecting the fluid precedes the initiation of the step of evacuating.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the performance of the steps of injecting and evacuating overlap in time.

24. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of injecting is terminated before initiation of the step of evacuating.

25. The method of claim 18 including the further step of directing a stream of air into the region of the test station as each container leaves the test station to remove any residual cloud of that container'"'"'s contents before successive containers to be tested arrive at the test station.

26. The method of claim 18 wherein said step of analyzing includes the steps of:

heating the sample evacuated;

mixing the heated sample with ozone to cause a chemical reaction therewith in order to generate chemiluminescence of the reactants; and

optically analyzing radiation emitted by chemiluminescence to determine the presence or absence of said certain residues.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the certain residues include nitrogen containing compounds, the step of heating heats the sample to about 400°

-1400°

C. to form nitric oxide, and the ozone chemically reacts with the nitric oxide to generate the chemiluminescence.

28. A method of sampling and determining the presence of certain volatiles in materials comprising the steps of:

disposing said materials in a container with an opening therein;

injecting fluid into said container and through the opening into proximity with said materials in order to displace at least a portion of the volatiles to form a sample cloud at a region outside of said container;

evacuating a sample of said portion of the volatiles so displaced by applying suction to said sample cloud in said region outside of said container; and

analyzing the sample evacuated to determine the presence or absence of the certain volatiles in said materials.

29. The method of claim 28 including the further step of:

moving a plurality of said containers with said materials therein seriatim past a test station, and the fluid is continuously injected into proximity with said materials at said test station and the suction is continuously applied to said region to evacuate said sample as the containers move through said test station.

30. The method of claim 28 including the further step of moving said materials past a test station, and the fluid is continuously injected at the test station and the suction is continuously applied to evacuate said sample as the materials move through said test station.

31. The method of claim 28 wherein the initiation of the step of injecting the fluid precedes the initiation of the step of evacuating.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the performance of the steps of injecting and evacuating overlap in time.

33. The method of claim 31 wherein the step of injecting is terminated before initiation of the step of evacuating.

34. The method of claim 28 wherein the steps of injecting and evacuating are synchronized to occur simultaneously for the same duration.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

36. The method of claim 29 wherein said moving step includes moving said containers past a test station at a rate of at least 200 containers per minute.

38. The method of claim 33 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

39. The method of claim 33 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

40. The method of claim 31 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

41. The method of claim 28 wherein the fluid injected is compressed air.

42. The method of claim 28 wherein the step of analyzing includes the steps of:

heating the sample evacuated;

mixing the heated sample with ozone to cause a chemical reaction therewith in order to generate chemiluminescence of the reactants; and

optically analyzing radiation emitted by chemiluminescence to determine the presence or absence of said volatiles.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein the certain volatiles include nitrogen containing compounds, the step of heating heats the sample to about 800°

to 1400°

C. to form nitric oxide, and the ozone chemically reacts with the nitric oxide to generate the chemiluminescence.

44. The method of claim 28 comprising the further steps of:

diverting a first portion of the sample; and

analyzing a second portion of the sample evacuated to determine the presence or absence of the certain volatiles.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein the first portion of said sample diverted is about 90% of the sample evacuated and the second portion of the sample analyzed is about 10% thereof.

46. The method of claim 44 including the further step of recirculating the diverted first portion into the fluid being injected.

47. A method of sampling and determining the presence of certain substances in a container comprising the steps of:

displacing a portion of the container contents to form a sample cloud at a region outside of the container adjacent the opening thereof;

transferring at least a portion of the sample cloud through conduit means to a remote location; and

analyzing the sample cloud at said remote location to determine the presence or absence of the certain substances therein.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein said step of displacing includes injecting fluid into an opening in said container to form said sample cloud.

49. The method of claim 48 wherein the injected fluid is compressed air.

50. The method of claim 48 wherein the injected fluid is CO₂ gas.

51. The method of claim 48 including the further step of heating the fluid before injection into the container opening to enhance the volatility of the sample.