Method and apparatus for decoding bar code symbols using independent bar and space analysis

• US 5,352,878 A
• Filed: 01/29/1993
• Issued: 10/04/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Parcel Service Of America Incorporated (United Parcel Service Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: United Parcel Service Of America Incorporated (United Parcel Service Incorporated)
• Inventors: Smith, Christopher E., Klancnik, Mihael
• Primary Examiner(s): Hajec, Donald
• Assistant Examiner(s): Young, Adrian
• Application Number:
  US08/011,458
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 235/462, 235/463, 235/470
• US Class Current: 235/462.16
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10851 Circuits for pulse shaping, amplifying, eliminating noise signals, checking the function of the sensing device basic electronic circuitry H03
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1443 locating of the code in an image
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1465 using several successive scans of the optical code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1486 Setting the threshold-width for bar codes to be decoded

Abstract

A bar code reader decodes a bar code symbol, one character at a time, by analyzing the spaces of each character independently from the bars of each character. The reader determines the widths of each space and each bar. The reader then determines a space-width threshold based on the widths of the spaces and a bar-width threshold based on the widths of the bars. The reader then classifies each space as being either narrow or wide by comparing each space to the space-width threshold. The reader also classifies each bar as being either narrow or wide by comparing each bar to the bar-width threshold. The reader then decodes the character according to the narrow/wide classifications.

Claims

1. A method for decoding a character of a bar code symbol, wherein said character comprises one or more spaces and one or more bars, comprising the steps of:

(a) scanning said symbol to determine the widths of said spaces and the widths of said bars;

(b) determining a space-width threshold in accordance with said widths of said spaces;

(c) determining a bar-width threshold in accordance with said widths of said bars, wherein said space-width threshold is different from said bar-width threshold;

(d) comparing each of said spaces to said space-width threshold;

(e) comparing each of said bars to said bar-width threshold; and

(f) decoding said character in accordance with said comparisons of steps (d) and (e).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

said space-width threshold is the average of the widest of said spaces and the narrowest of said spaces;

said bar-width threshold is the average of the widest of said bars and the narrowest of said bars;

step (d) comprises the step of comparing each of said spaces to said space-width threshold to determine whether each of said spaces is narrow or wide; and

step (e) comprises the step of comparing each of said bars to said bar-width threshold to determine whether each of said bars is narrow or wide.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said bar code symbol is a Code 39 symbol and said character comprises four spaces and five bars.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said bar code symbol is an Interleaved Code 2 of 5 symbol and said character comprises five spaces and five bars.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said bar code symbol is in a pixel image, and step (a) comprises the steps of:

(1) generating a composite signal in accordance with said symbol; and

(2) determining said widths of said spaces and said widths of said bars in accordance with said composite signal.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said bar code symbol is in a pixel image, and step (a) comprises the steps of:

(1) generating a whitening gradient signal and a blackening gradient signal in accordance with said symbol; and

(2) determining said widths of said spaces and said widths of said bars in accordance with said whitening and blackening gradient signals.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said bar code symbol is in a binary pixel image and further comprising the step of locating said symbol in said image using byte-based searching for a quiet zone of said symbol.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said bar code symbol is in a binary pixel image and further comprising the step of locating said symbol in said image using byte-based searching for a plurality of bright/dark transitions of said symbol.

9. An apparatus for decoding a character of a bar code symbol, wherein said character comprises one or more spaces and one or more bars, comprising:

(a) means for scanning said symbol to determine the widths of said spaces and the widths of said bars;

(b) means for determining a space-width threshold in accordance with said widths of said spaces;

(c) means for determining a bar-width threshold in accordance with said widths of said bars, wherein said space-width threshold is different from said bar-width threshold;

(d) means for comparing each of said spaces to said space-width threshold;

(e) means for comparing each of said bars to said bar-width threshold; and

(f) means for decoding said character in accordance with said comparisons of means (d) and (e).

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:

said space-width threshold is the average of the widest of said spaces and the narrowest of said spaces;

said bar-width threshold is the average of the widest of said bars and the narrowest of said bars;

means (d) comprises means for comparing each of said spaces to said space-width threshold to determine whether each of said spaces is narrow or wide; and

means (e) comprises means for comparing each of said bars to said bar-width threshold to determine whether each of said bars is narrow or wide.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said bar code symbol is a Code 39 symbol and said character comprises four spaces and five bars.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said bar code symbol is an Interleaved Code 2 of 5 symbol and said character comprises five spaces and five bars.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said bar code symbol is in a pixel image, and means (a) comprises:

(1) means for generating a composite signal in accordance with said symbol; and

(2) means for determining said widths of said spaces and said widths of said bars in accordance with said composite signal.

14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said bar code symbol is in a pixel image, and means (a) comprises:

(1) means for generating a whitening gradient signal and a blackening gradient signal in accordance with said symbol; and

(2) means for determining said widths of said spaces and said widths of said bars in accordance with said whitening and blackening gradient signals.

15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said bar code symbol is in a binary pixel image and further comprising means for locating said symbol in said image using byte-based searching for a quiet zone of said symbol.

16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said bar code symbol is in a binary pixel image and further comprising means for locating said symbol in said image using byte-based searching for a plurality of bright/dark transitions of said symbol.