Device and a method for detecting a magnetizable marker element

• US 5,353,010 A
• Filed: 12/15/1992
• Issued: 10/04/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/03/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Sanetra, Juergen
• Primary Examiner(s): MULLEN, THOMAS J
• Application Number:
  US07/990,442
• Time in Patent Office: 658 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572, 340/551, 340/825.63, 340/825.64
• US Class Current: 340/572.4
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/087 flux-sensitive, e.g. magnetic, detectors G06K7/10336 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2408 using ferromagnetic tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2442 Tag materials and material properties thereof, e.g. magnetic material details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2445 Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2488 Timing issues, e.g. synchronising measures to avoid signal collision, with multiple emitters or a single emitter and receiver

Abstract

To detect a marker element, a transmitter generates an alternating magnetic field. A receiver arranged in this field generates an electrical signal having a waveform corresponding to the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic excitation field superimposed by peaks produced upon reversal of the magnetic state of the marker element. The position of these peaks, relative to the alternating magnetic excitation field, is determined, and if different from half the period duration of the alternating magnetic excitation field by less than a predetermined value, a first state of the marker element may be detected. Otherwise, it may be determined that, either, no marker element is present in the alternating magnetic excitation field, or that the marker element is in a second state different from the first state.

Claims

1. A device for detecting a magnetizable marker element, adapted to be attached to an object to be protected against unauthorized removal, comprising:

(a) a transmitter for generating a periodically alternating magnetic excitation field for reversing the magnetic state of the marker element;

(b) a receiver arranged in said alternating magnetic excitation field for generating an electrical output signal corresponding to a signal received upon a said magnetic state reversal;

(c) a signal processing means including a band pass filter for filtering said output signal of said receiver, the resultant filtered output signal having a superimposition of signal components, the frequencies of which are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency of the excitation field;

(d) means for comparing the time interval between two successive maximum signal values of different polarities of the filtered output signal to a predetermined tolerance range associated with half the period duration of the excitation field, and for generating a first output signal when the time interval is within said predetermined tolerance range; and

(e) an indicator generating a first indication signal upon receiving a first output signal from said comparing means.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said signal processing means further includes a signal converter arranged downstream of said band pass filter for converting said filtered output signal to a sequence of pulses, the time interval between two successive pulses being equal to the time interval between two successive maximum signal values of different polarity of the filtered output signal, and said comparing means compares said pulse time interval to half the period duration.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein said signal converter comprises means for producing a rectified filtered output signal, and a first pulse signal generator arranged downstream of said rectifying means adapted to generate pulses having a width that is equal to the time intervals in which said rectified filtered output signal is greater than a respective threshold value.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein said signal converter further comprises a high pass filter in series with a low pass filter connected between said rectifying means and said pulse signal generator.

5. The device of claim 3, characterized in that said transmitter is controlled by a controller outputting an excitation oscillation signal to the transmitter for generating the alternating magnetic excitation field having a frequency predetermined by said excitation oscillation signal, and said half period duration of said alternating magnetic excitation field is derived from said excitation oscillation signal.

6. The device of claim 5, characterized in that a second pulse signal generator is provided to generate pulses having widths that are equal to the respective time intervals for which the absolute value of the excitation oscillation signal is greater than a threshold value.

7. The device of claim 6, characterized in that first and second frequency dividers are arranged upstream of said means for comparing, said first frequency divider receiving the output signal of said signal converter, said second frequency divider receiving the output signal of said second pulse signal generator, both frequency dividers generate output signal pulses of half the frequency of their respective input signals, and said means for comparing compares the pulse widths of both output signal pulses and generates the first output signal when an output signal of said first frequency divider is within a predetermined tolerance range associated with the width of the output signal of said second frequency divider.

8. The device of claim 1, characterized in that said marker element has a first magnetizable material with a low coercive force and a second magnetizable material with a great coercive force that is greater than the field intensity of the alternating magnetic excitation field.

9. The device of claim 1, characterized in that said means for comparing generates a second output signal when the magnitude of a time interval between two successive maximum signal values of different polarities of the filtered output signal lies on the limit of or outside said tolerance ranges, and said indicator generates a second indication signal upon receiving the second output signal from said means for comparing.

10. The device of claim 9, characterized in that said indicator generates said first or second indication signal only after said means for comparing has generated a plurality of first or second output signals.

11. A method for detecting a magnetizable marker element attached to an object to be secured against unauthorized removal, comprising the steps of:

(a) exposing said marker element to a periodically alternating magnetic excitation field such that the magnetic state of said marker element is periodically reversed;

(b) receiving a signal resulting from said magnetic state reversals of said marker element and converting it to a corresponding electrical signal, the electrical signal comprising the superimposition of a carrier signal corresponding to the periodic alternation of said alternating magnetic excitation field and a signal portion corresponding to said magnetic state reversals of said marker element;

(c) subjecting said electrical signal to a band pass filter, the obtained filtered signal comprising a superimposition of harmonics of the carrier signal of the electrical signal;

(d) defining a tolerance range associated with the value of half the period duration of the alternating magnetic excitation field;

(e) comparing the time interval between two maximum signal values of different polarities of said filtered signal to the defined tolerance range; and

(f) generating an output signal if the time interval is within the defined tolerance range.