Battery monitoring circuit for operating with high battery discharge rates

• US 5,357,203 A
• Filed: 07/08/1992
• Issued: 10/18/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Benchmarq Microelectronics, Inc. (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Benchmarq Microelectronics, Inc. (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Inventors: Freeman, David L., Matthews, Wallace E., Landau, John E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Strecker, Gerard R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DO, DIEP N
• Application Number:
  US07/910,685
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: 324/426, 324/427, 324/428, 324/431, 324/433, 324/435, 320/48, 340/636
• US Class Current: 324/427
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/374 with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3835 involving only voltage measurements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/569 Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements G01R31/364
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00036 Charger exchanging data with battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007184 in response to battery voltage gradient
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery detect circuit (32) is connected to the battery with the current input to the battery and extracted from the battery measured with a sense resistor (50) and then converted to charge and discharge pulses with a V/F converter (52). A microcontroller (64) is operable to increment a Nominal Available Charge (NAC) register (180) during a charge operation, and to increment a Discharge Count Register (DCR) (184) during a discharge operation. The NAC register (180) indicates the available charge, which value is output to a display (34). The maximum value to which the NAC value can rise is limited by a value stored in the last measured discharge register (182). This value represents the value stored in the DCR (184) whenever the battery is discharged from an apparent full state to a fully discharged state. This results in a qualified transfer to the LMD register (182) such that no knowledge of the actual battery charge is necessary. The microcontroller (64) is operable to determine the rate of discharge corresponding to the voltage across the sense resistor (50). When the rate of discharge exceeds a predetermined discharge rate, the operation of the microcontroller (64) is partially inhibited. When the rate of discharge falls below the predetermined discharge rate, the microcontroller (64) is again allowed to operate in a normal operating mode. A resistor (61) is switched across the battery (10) by a transistor (59) for a short duration of time after the discharge rate had fallen below the discharge rate threshold voltage.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring circuit for operating with high battery discharge rates, comprising:

a voltage monitor for monitoring the voltage of the battery and providing a monitored voltage output;

a discharge rate sensor for monitoring the rate at which charge is removed from the battery as a rate of discharge;

a processor for processing the monitored voltage output from said voltage monitor to determine select operating parameters of the battery for use in monitoring the operation of the battery, said processor operating, in a normal operating mode, to determine said select operating parameters and, in an inhibit mode, to prevent said operating parameters from being determined by said processor, and

an inhibit circuit for controlling said processor to operate in the inhibit mode when said rate of discharge is above a predetermined discharge rate, said inhibit circuit returning said processor to the normal operating mode when said rate of discharge falls below said predetermined discharge rate.

2. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, and further comprising a switchable load for being switched across the battery to provide a predetermined discharge rate when said processor is returned from the inhibit mode to the normal operating mode.

3. The monitoring circuit of claim 2, wherein said switchable load is switched across the battery for a short duration of time after said processor is returned from the inhibit mode to the normal operating mode.

4. The monitoring circuit of claim 2, wherein said switchable load comprises a transistor having a gate and a source/drain path, the gate driven by a control signal generated by said inhibit circuit when said inhibit circuit changes said processor from the inhibit mode to the normal operating mode, and one side of said source/drain path of said transistor connected to one side of the battery and the other side of said source/drain path of said transistor connected through a resistive load to the other side of the battery.

5. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, and further comprising a threshold generating device for generating predetermined internal discharge rate thresholds and a comparator for comparing the output of said discharge sensor with a select one of said internal discharge rate thresholds and providing a comparator output signal when said discharge rate exceeds the select one of said internal discharge rate thresholds, said inhibit circuit operating in response to the generation of the comparator output signal by said comparator to operate in the inhibit mode, and operating in response to the lack of the comparator output signal output being generated by said comparator to move from the inhibit mode to the normal operating mode.

6. The monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the output of said discharge sensor is compensated as a function of temperature.

7. The monitoring circuit of claim 1, wherein said discharge sensor comprises:

a sense resistor disposed in series with the battery and the load;

a sense resistor voltage monitoring circuit for monitoring the voltage across said sense resistor and converting said voltage to a pulse stream, the rate of occurrence of the pulses in said pulse stream varying as a function of the voltage across said sense resistor; and

a counter for counting the number of pulses generated by said voltage monitoring circuit in said pulse stream and generating a count value, said count value utilized by said processor as the output of said discharge sensor.

8. A method for monitoring the operating parameters of a battery that operates with high discharge rates, comprising the steps of:

monitoring the voltage across the battery to provide a monitored output voltage;

monitoring the amount of charge removed from the battery as a function of time and determining the discharge rate of the battery;

providing a processor operable in a normal operating mode and an inhibit mode;

processing the monitored voltage with the processor to determine select ones of the operating parameters of the battery utilized to monitor the operation of the battery, the step of processing operating the processor in either the inhibit mode to inhibit determining the select ones of the operating parameters of the battery or in the normal operating mode to determine the select ones of the operation parameters of the battery;

detecting in a first detecting step when the discharge rate of the battery exceeds a predetermined discharge rate threshold;

controlling the step of processing to operate the processor in the inhibit mode when the first step of detecting has detected a discharge rate in excess of the predetermined discharge rate threshold;

detecting in a second detecting step when the discharge rate falls from a point above the predetermined discharge rate threshold to a point below the predetermined discharge rate threshold; and

controlling the step of processing to operate the processor in the normal operating mode when the second detecting step has detected the discharge rate falling from a point above the predetermined discharge rate threshold to a point below the predetermined discharge rate threshold.

9. The method claim 8, and further comprising disposing a predetermined load across the battery when the discharge rate has been detected to go from a point above the predetermined discharge rate threshold to a point below the predetermined discharge rate threshold.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of disposing the load across the battery comprises disposing the load across the battery for a short duration of time after the discharge rate has been detected in the second detecting step to go from a point above the predetermined discharge rate threshold to a point below the predetermined discharge rate threshold.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of monitoring the discharge rate comprises:

disposing a sense resistor in series with the battery and the load;

monitoring the voltage across the sense resistor;

converting the monitored voltage into a pulse stream having pulses that vary in repetition as a function of the voltage process sense resistor;

counting the number of pulses in the pulse stream to provide a count value; and

the step of monitoring the measure of charge removed from the battery to determine the discharge rate determining the discharge rate by determining the rate at which the count value changes.

12. The method of claim 8, and further comprising, the step of compensating the discharge rate as a function of temperature of the battery.