Auto-focusing optical apparatus

• US 5,359,444 A
• Filed: 12/24/1992
• Issued: 10/25/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Dynamics Decision Systems, Inc. (General Dynamics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Leahy, Peter J., Piosenka, Gerald V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sikes, William L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MAI, HUY KIM
• Application Number:
  US07/996,531
• Time in Patent Office: 670 Days
• Field of Search: 359/37, 359/38, 359/54, 359/86, 359/94, 351/54, 351/55, 351/158, 351/168, 351/169, 351/176
• US Class Current: 349/13
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/113 for determining or recording eye movement
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 7/32 using active means, e.g. light emitter including both an active and a passive focus detecting device G02B7/285; using ultrasound G02B7/40
• CPC Class Codes: G02C 2202/18 Cellular lens surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G02C 7/083 Electrooptic lenses
• CPC Class Codes: G02C 7/101 having an electro-optical light valve electro-optical elements per se G02F

Abstract

Eyeglasses including lenses that contain liquid crystal nematic materials with variable refractive indexes. A voltage is applied across the materials to change the refractive index in accordance with a measured distance so that the lenses are always automatically focused as the operator looks at objects different distances away. The distances are measured by an infrared ranging system included in the glasses, which system changes the voltage applied to the material in accordance with changes in distance.

Claims

1. Auto focusing optical apparatus comprising:

an optical lens having a focal length determined by a refractive index thereof and containing electrically alterable material positioned to alter the refractive index of the optical lens in response to a voltage applied thereto, and a pair of electrical terminals coupled to supply an electrical field to the material and designed to have applied thereto a voltage so as to produce a predetermined alteration of the refractive index of the lens, the optical lens including a plurality of individual optically transparent, pixel regions each defined by a pair of electrically conductive transparent electrodes positioned on opposite regions of the optical lens, thereby enabling the impression of an independent electrostatic field within the pixel region;

a frame operatively mounting the optical lens;

a microprocessor mounted in the frame and connected to the electrical terminals of the optical lens, the microprocessor being programmed to automatically supply a voltage to the electrical terminals so as to produce a predetermined alteration of the refractive index of the optical lens; and

a ranging system mounted in the frame and connected to the microprocessor.

2. Auto focusing optical apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein each pixel region of the plurality of pixel regions contains liquid crystal nematic material positioned to be electrically coupled to the electrostatic field within the pixel region and to alter the refractive index of each pixel region in response to a voltage applied to the pair of electrically conductive transparent electrodes of the pixel region.

3. Auto focusing optical apparatus comprising:

eyeglasses including a frame and a pair of optical lenses mounted in the frame;

each optical lens including an optically transparent, hollow, lens shaped shell filled with liquid crystal nematic material positioned to alter the refractive index of the optical lens in response to a voltage applied thereto, and a pair of electrical terminals coupled to the liquid crystal nematic material and designed to have applied thereto a voltage so as to produce a predetermined alteration of the refractive index of the lens;

a computer system mounted in the frame with the electrical terminals of each optical lens being connected to the computer system, the computer system being programmed to apply to the electrical terminals of each optical lens a voltage so as to produce a predetermined alteration of the refractive index of each of the optical lenses; and

a ranging system mounted in the frame and connected to the computer system, the ranging system including a transmitter positioned to transmit a beam of energy onto an object in a field of view of the eyeglasses, and a receiver positioned to receive energy reflected from the object and supply an electrical signal to the computer system, the computer system being programmed to receive the electrical signal from the ranging system and convert the electrical signal into a voltage to produce an alteration of the refractive index of each of the optical lenses so as to focus each of the optical lenses on the object in the field of view.

4. Auto focusing optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein the receiver and transmitter of the ranging system include an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver.

5. Auto focusing optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein the receiver and transmitter of the ranging system include an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver.

6. Auto focusing optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3 including in addition external calibration apparatus with an interface having a transmitter and receiver mounted to communicate with the receiver and transmitter, respectively, of the eyeglasses, the computer system in the eyeglasses further including a memory and the external calibration apparatus transmitting signals to the memory in accordance with signals supplied to the calibration apparatus by a wearer of the eyeglasses.

7. Auto focusing optical apparatus comprising:

eyeglasses including a frame and a pair of optical lenses mounted in the frame;

each optical lens having a plurality of individual optically transparent, pixel regions forming a continuous lens structure, each pixel region of the plurality of pixel regions containing liquid crystal nematic material positioned to alter the refractive index of each pixel region in response to a voltage applied thereto, and each pixel region including a pair of electrical terminals coupled to the liquid crystal nematic material therein and designed to have applied thereto a voltage so as to produce a predetermined alteration of the refractive index of each pixel region, and the plurality of pixel regions in each optical lens cooperating to produce an overall refractive index for each optical lens;

a computer system mounted in the frame with the electrical terminals of each hollow cell being connected to the computer system, the computer system being programmed to apply to the electrical terminals of each cell in each optical lens a voltage so as to produce a predetermined alteration of the refractive index of each of the optical lenses; and

a ranging system mounted in the frame and connected to the computer system, the ranging system including a transmitter positioned to transmit a beam of energy onto an object in a field of view of the eyeglasses, and a receiver positioned to receive energy reflected from the object and supply an electrical signal to the computer system, the computer system being programmed to receive the electrical signal from the ranging system and convert the electrical signal into a voltage to produce an alteration of the refractive index of each of the optical lenses so as to focus each of the optical lenses on the object in the field of view.

8. Auto focusing optical apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the receiver and transmitter of the ranging system include an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver.

9. Auto focusing optical apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the receiver and transmitter of the ranging system include an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver.