Methods and apparatus for generating a picture-in-picture digital television frame by inserting a mean-only frame into a full-size frame

• US 5,361,098 A
• Filed: 11/30/1992
• Issued: 11/01/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Scientific-Atlanta Incorporated (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Lucas, Keith
• Primary Examiner(s): Powell, Mark R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GRANT, CHRISTOPHER C
• Application Number:
  US07/983,396
• Time in Patent Office: 701 Days
• Field of Search: 358/183, 358/22, 358/22 PIP, 358/133, 358/135, 358/136, 358/138, 348/565, 348/566, 348/567, 348/568, 348/422
• US Class Current: 348/565
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/48 using compressed domain processing techniques other than decoding, e.g. modification of transform coefficients, variable length coding [VLC] data or run-length data motion estimation in a transform domain H04N19/547; processing of decoded motion vectors H04N19/513
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/90 using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2365 Multiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4347 Demultiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/262 Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/45 Picture in picture , e.g. displaying simultaneously another television channel in a region of the screen

Abstract

A method for generating a picture-in-picture digital television frame comprises the steps of: converting a first analog television signal into a first digital frame comprising a first prescribed number of pixels; deriving a mean-only frame from the first digital frame, the mean-only frame comprising a second prescribed number of pixels; creating an insertion frame on the basis of the mean-only frame; and inserting the insertion frame into a second digital frame, thereby generating a picture-in-picture digital television frame. A Vector Quantization receiver/decoder comprises a mean-only decode section 20, a full decode section 30, and an image inserter 40.

Claims

1. An encoding/decoding method for generating a picture-in-picture digital television frame, comprising the steps of:

(a) converting a first analog television signal into a first digital frame comprising a first prescribed number of pixels;

(b) deriving a mean-only frame from said first digital frame, said mean-only frame comprising a second prescribed number of pixels, wherein each of said second prescribed number of pixels represents an average of a corresponding group of pixels in said first digital frame;

(c) subtracting said mean-only frame from said first digital frame and performing Vector Quantization;

of the first digital frame having said mean-only frame subtracted therefrom, said first digital frame having said mean-only frame subtracted therefrom, in combination with said mean-only frame, being convertible to a full-size frame;

(d) creating an insertion frame on the basis of said mean-only frame;

(e) performing digitalization, mean removal and Vector Quantization or statistical coding on a second analog television signal to convert said second analog television signal into a second digital frame comprising a third prescribed number of pixels; and

(f) inserting said insertion frame into said second digital frame, thereby generating a picture-in-picture digital television frame.

2. The method recited in claim 1, wherein said mean-only frame comprises 1/N₁² times the number of pixels as said first digital frame and 1/N₂² times the number of pixels as said second digital frame, wherein N₁ and N₂ are integers.

3. The method recited in claim 2, wherein said first prescribed number equals said second prescribed number.

4. The method recited in claim 2, wherein N₁ =N₂.

5. The method recited in claim 4, wherein N₁ and N₂ each equal 4.

6. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the step of creating an insertion frame on the basis of said mean-only frame comprises the substep of sampling particular pixels of said mean-only frame, and creating said insertion frame on the basis of the sampled pixels.

7. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the step of creating an insertion frame on the basis of said mean-only frame comprises the substep of interpolating insertion frame pixels on the basis of pixels of said mean-only frame, and creating said insertion frame on the basis of the interpolated pixels.

8. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the step of creating an insertion frame on the basis of said mean-only frame comprises at least one of the following substeps:

(1) sampling particular pixels of said mean-only frame, and creating said insertion frame on the basis of the sampled pixels, and (2) interpolating insertion frame pixels on the basis of pixels of said mean-only frame, and creating said insertion frame on the basis of the interpolated pixels; and

further comprising the step of performing Statistical Coding on said first digital frame.

11. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of sampling particular pixels of said first mean-only image and creating an insertion image on the basis of the sampled pixels, said insertion image being inserted into said full-size image in step (c).

9. A decoding method for decoding first and second compressed streams of television data and creating a picture-in-picture television image, comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a first compressed stream comprising mean data for Y, U and V components (Y₁, U₁, V₁) of a first television image and decoding said Y₁, U₁, V₁ components into a first mean-only image 1/N² times the size of a corresponding full-size image, wherein N² represents the number of full-size image pixels employed to derive each first mean-only image pixel;

(b) receiving a second compressed stream comprising mean dam for Y, U and V components (Y₂, U₂, V₂) of a second television image and mean-removed residual data for said second television signal, and decoding said Y₂, U₂, V₂ components into mean-only image data and combining said mean-only image data with said residual data to form a full-size image corresponding to said second television image; and

(c) inserting said first mean-only image into said full-size image to form a picture-in-picture television image;

wherein said mean-only images are composed of pixels representing an average of a corresponding group of full-size image pixels.

10. The method recited in claim 9, further comprising the steps of demultiplexing said first and second compressed streams prior to decoding said streams.

12. The method recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of interpolating insertion image pixels on the basis of pixels of said first mean-only image, and creating an insertion image on the basis of the interpolated pixels, said insertion image being inserted into said full-size image in step (c).