Transmission system for the synchronous digital hierarchy

• US 5,361,263 A
• Filed: 11/05/1993
• Issued: 11/01/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Urbansky, Ralph
• Primary Examiner(s): HSU, ALPUS
• Application Number:
  US08/148,016
• Time in Patent Office: 361 Days
• Field of Search: 370/58.1, 370/58.2, 370/58.3, 370/60, 370/79, 370/82, 370/83, 370/84, 370/94.1, 370/99, 370/100.1, 370/102, 370/105.1, 370/108, 370/110.1, 370/111, 370/112 , 370/94.2, 370/60.1, 375/111, 375/112, 375/118, 369/60, 365/189.01, 365/189.04, 365/189.05
• US Class Current: 370/505
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0623 Synchronous multiplexing systems, e.g. synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network (SDH/SONET), synchronisation with a pointer process
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/07 using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates or bit rates

Abstract

A transmission system for the synchronous digital hierarchy, comprising an adaptation circuit for compensating for phase variations of an STM-N signal. The adaptation circuit (8) comprises a buffer (17, 33), a write address generator (16, 35), a read address generator (18, 44), a justification decision circuit (24, 43) and an output circuit (19, 45), for inserting justification locations for at least one container of the STM-N signal. The buffer is provided for writing and reading the container data. The write address generator is provided for generating write addresses for the data to be written and the read address generator is provided for generating read addresses for the data to be read out. The justification decision circuit is used for forming the mean value of the differences of the addresses of the read and write address generators over a specific period of time and for forming a justification signal as a function of the mean value. The output circuit is provided for generating negative or positive justification locations in the container as a function of the justification signal and for generating an output signal on the basis of the data stored in the buffer.

Claims

1. An apparatus for transmitting synchronous digital data in a Synchronous Transport Module (STM-N) format in which said data are grouped in containers, wherein said containers include at least a first plurality of said containers each having a respective positive justification location at a predetermined positive location or a respective negative justification location at a predetermined negative location, comprising means for receiving an STM-N signal containing said data in one of said first plurality of containers, means for receiving an output clock signal, and an adaptation circuit for compensating for phase variations of said STM-N signal with respect to said output clock signal,

characterized in that said adaptation circuit comprises:

detecting means for determining whether said one of said first plurality of containers has a positive or has a negative justification location at the corresponding location,

a buffer for storing portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers at a plurality of addresses,

a write address generator, connected to said buffer and synchronized to the received STM-N signal, for forming write addresses at which respective portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers are written in said buffer,

a read address generator, connected to said buffer and synchronized to said output clock signal, for forming read addresses at which respective portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers are read from said buffer,

a justification decision circuit, including means for determining differences between said write addresses and said read addresses over a given period of time, and means for determining the mean value of said differences;

said justification decision circuit providing a justification signal responsive to said mean value, said justification signal being indicative of whether or not positive or negative justification is required, and

an output circuit for receiving said respective portions read from said buffer, and for providing an output signal based on said respective portions;

responsive to said justification signal being a positive justification signal and said detecting means determining that said first plurality of containers has a positive justification location, for filling said positive location in the one container with at least one justification byte; and

, responsive to said justification signal being a negative justification signal and said detecting means determining that said one of said first plurality of containers has a negative justification location, for filling said negative location in the one container with at least a part of one of said respective portions read from said buffer.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said containers include a second plurality of containers, said second plurality including said first plurality, comprising a corresponding second plurality of said buffers, said write address generators, said read address generators, and said justification decision circuits, the number of said corresponding second plurality being equal to the number of said second plurality of containers.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said means for determining the mean value comprises means for accumulating said difference values over said given period of time, and

said justification decision circuit further comprises means for comparing said mean value with a predetermined lower peak value and a predetermined upper peak value, and

means for producing said negative justification signal if said mean value is less than said lower peak value, and for producing said positive justification signal if said mean value is greater than said upper peak value.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said means for accumulating accumulates values of a periodic or of a random number sequence together with said difference values.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that

said write address generator comprises a write counter,

said means for receiving an STM-N signal includes means for recovering an input clock signal from said STM-N signal, and for providing said input clock signal to said write counter only if data are present for said one of said first plurality of containers.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that

said apparatus further comprises an oscillator producing said output clock signal,

said read address generator comprises a read counter, and

said means for receiving an output clock signal receives said output clock signal from said oscillator, and, for synchronizing said read address generator to said output clock signal, provides read clock pulses to said read counter only for reading said data in said one of said first plurality of containers.

7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that said means for receiving an output clock signal is controlled to provide an additional read clock pulse to said read counter responsive to a negative justification signal, and to interrupt said read clock pulses responsive to a positive justification signal.

8. An apparatus for transmitting synchronous digital data in a Synchronous Transport Module (STM-N) format in which said data are grouped in containers, wherein said containers include at least a first plurality of said containers each having a respective positive justification location at a predetermined positive location or a respective negative justification location at a predetermined negative location, comprising means for receiving an STM-N signal containing said data in one of said first plurality of containers, means for receiving an output clock signal, and an adaptation circuit for compensating for phase variations of said STM-N signal with respect to said output clock signal,

characterized in that said adaptation circuit comprises:

detecting means for determining whether said one of said first plurality of containers has a positive or has a negative justification location at the corresponding locations

a buffer for storing portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers at a plurality of addresses,

a write address generator, connected to said buffer and synchronized to the received STM-N signal, for forming write addresses at which respective portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers are written in said buffer,

a read address generator, connected to said buffer and synchronized to said output clock signal, for forming read addresses at which respective portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers are read from said buffer,

a justification decision circuit, including

means for determining differences between said write addresses and said read addresses over a given period of time,

means for setting the difference value between said write address and said read address equal to zero when said buffer is half full,

means, including means for accumulating the difference values over said given period of timer for determining the mean value of said differences,

means for providing a justification signal responsive to said mean value, said justification signal being indicative of whether or not positive or negative justification is required, and

means for multiplying justification signals by a constant factor, and

an output circuit for receiving said respective read from said buffer, and for providing an output signal based on said respective portions,

wherein, responsive to said justification signal being a positive justification signal and said detecting means determining that said one of said first plurality of containers has a positive justification location, said output circuit fills said positive location in the one container with at least one justification byte; and

, responsive to said justification signal being a negative justification signal and said detecting means determining that said one of said first plurality of containers has a negative justification location, said output circuit fills said negative location in the one container with at least a part of one of said respective portions read from said buffer, and

said means for accumulating accumulates at least one multiplied value and a difference value.

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said means for accumulating accumulates values of a periodic or of a random number sequence together with said difference values.

10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that

said write address generator comprises a write counter,

said means for receiving an STM-N signal includes means for recovering an input clock signal from said STM-N signal, and for providing said input clock signal to said write counter only if data are present for said one of said first plurality of containers.

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that

said write address generator comprises a write counter,

said means for receiving an STM-N signal includes means for recovering an input clock signal from said STM-N signal, and for providing said input clock signal to said write counter only if data are present for said one of said first plurality of containers.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that

said apparatus further comprises an oscillator producing said output clock signal,

said read address generator comprises a read counter, and

said means for receiving an output clock signal receives said output clock signal from said oscillator, and, for synchronizing said read address generator to said output clock signal, provides read clock pulses to said read counter only for reading said data in said one of said first plurality of containers.

13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that said means for receiving an output clock signal is controlled to provide an additional read clock pulse to said read counter responsive to a negative justification signal, and to interrupt said read clock pulses responsive to a positive justification signal.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that said means for accumulating accumulates values of a periodic or of a random number sequence together with said difference values.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that said means for accumulating accumulates values of a periodic or of a random number sequence together with said difference values.

16. An apparatus for transmitting synchronous digital data in a Synchronous Transport Module (STM-N) format in which said data are grouped in frames, each frame comprising at least one container, and each container comprising at least one row, wherein said containers in said frames include at least a first plurality of said containers each having a respective positive justification location at a predetermined positive location or a respective negative justification location at a predetermined negative location, comprising means for receiving an STM-N signal containing said data in one of said first plurality of containers, means for receiving an output clock signal, and an adaptation circuit for compensating for phase variations of said STM-N signal with respect to said output clock signal,

characterized in that said adaptation circuit comprises:

detecting means for determining whether said one of said first plurality of containers has a positive or has a negative justification location at the corresponding .location,

a buffer for storing portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers at a plurality of addresses,

a write address generator, connected to said buffer and synchronized to the received STM-N signal, for forming write addresses at which respective portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers are written in said buffer,

a read address generator, connected to said buffer and synchronized to said output clock signal, for forming read addresses at which respective portions of said data of said one of said first plurality of containers are read from said buffer,

a justification decision circuit, including means for determining differences between said write addresses and said read addresses over a given period of time corresponding to one row or frame period or a multiple thereof, and means for determining the mean value of said differences;

said justification decision circuit providing a justification signal responsive to said mean value, said justification signal being indicative of whether or not positive or negative justification is required, and

an output circuit for receiving said respective portions read from said buffer, and for providing an output signal based on said respective portions;

responsive to said justification signal being a positive justification signal and said detecting means determining that said one of said first plurality of containers has a positive justification location, for filling said positive location in the one container with at least one justification byte; and

, responsive to said justification signal being a negative justification signal and said detecting means determining that said one of said first plurality of containers has a negative justification location, for filling said negative location in the one container with at least a part of one of said respective portions read from said buffer.

17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that said means for accumulating accumulates values of a periodic or of a random number sequence together with said difference values.

18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that

said write address generator comprises a write counter,

said means for receiving an STM-N signal includes means for recovering an input clock signal from said STM-N signal, and for providing said input clock signal to said write counter only if data are present for said one of said first plurality of containers.

19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that

said write address generator comprises a write counter,

said means for receiving an STM-N signal includes means for recovering an input clock signal from said STM-N signal, and for providing said input clock signal to said write counter only if data are present for said one of said first plurality of containers.

20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that

said apparatus further comprises an oscillator producing said output clock signal,

said read address generator comprises a read counter, and

said means for receiving an output clock signal receives said output clock signal from said oscillator and, for synchronizing said read address generator to said output clock signal, provides read clock pulses to said read counter only for reading said data in said one of said first plurality of containers;

and, responsive to a negative justification signal, provides an additional read clock pulse to said read counter, and, responsive to a positive justification signal, interrupts said read clock pulses.