Method and apparatus for multifaceted electroencephalographic response analysis (MERA)
First Claim
1. A method of detecting concealed information stored in the human brain through multifaceted electroencephalographic response anaysis (MERA) comprising the steps of:
- 1) Presenting stimuli to a subject;
2) Recording electrical brain responses to the stimuli;
3) Analyzing said electrical brain responses for uncovering as a first facet an electrically positive P3 component thereof, and as a second facet at least one of a phasic shift in frequency power spectrum thereof, and an electrically negative component thereof following in time said P3 component.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for multifaceted electroencephalographic response analysis (MERA) is described. MERA involves presenting stimuli to a subject through at least one of the visual and auditory modalities, recording electrophysiological brain responses indicative of information processing in response to said stimuli, and analyzing multiple features of said brain responses. This technique is used both to detect concealed information in the brain and to communicate directly from a brain to a computer, and thus to command computers and also to command mechanical devices. The memory and encoding related multifaceted electroencephalographic response (MERMER), a particular brain response elicited by, and unfolding within two seconds of the onset of, noteworthy stimuli, involving an electrically positive aspect generally maximal parietally followed by an electrically negative aspect with substantial frontal amplitude, and also involving characteristic changes in the frequency domain, is detected, analyzed, and applied for the above stated purposes. The MERMER is elicited by stimuli that refer to concealed information noteworthy to an individual and also by stimuli that are noteworthy due to a subject'"'"'s desire to communicate the information to which they refer. Responses are compared with at least one of a) responses to other stimuli known to be irrelevant, and b) responses to other stimuli known to be noteworthy, in order to determine the presence or absence of the MERMER in response to the stimuli in question. In this manner, concealed information is detected, and information of significance is communicated.
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Citations
57 Claims
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1. A method of detecting concealed information stored in the human brain through multifaceted electroencephalographic response anaysis (MERA) comprising the steps of:
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1) Presenting stimuli to a subject; 2) Recording electrical brain responses to the stimuli; 3) Analyzing said electrical brain responses for uncovering as a first facet an electrically positive P3 component thereof, and as a second facet at least one of a phasic shift in frequency power spectrum thereof, and an electrically negative component thereof following in time said P3 component. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of applying multifaceted electroencephalographic response analysis (MERA) comprising:
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1) Making conscious choices by a subject from among at least two options; 2) Measuring electrical brain activity of said subject in the form of electrical signals that is associated with the choice of options; 3) Analyzing the electrical signals obtained for uncovering as a first facet an electrically positive P3 component thereof, and as a second facet at least one of a phasic shift in frequency power spectrum thereof, and an electrically negative component thereof following in time said P3 component to detect which option is chosen by said subject; and 4) Utilizing the information obtained regarding the options chosen to perform a function using a device actuated in response to said chosen option. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)
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38. A method of analyzing electrical brain activity consisting of:
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1) Presenting stimuli to a subject; 2) Detecting electrophysiological manifestations of information-processing brain activity in response to said stimuli; 3) Amplifying, digitizing, and analyzing said manifestations of information-processing brain activity; 4) Applying a computer-implemented signal analysis method that includes analysis in both the time and frequency domains, and mathematically combines the results of said analysis in said two domains to make inferences regarding said information-processing brain activity. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40)
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41. A headband for measurement of electrical brain activity from a scalp of a subject, said scalp having frontal, central, parietal, left mastoid, and right mastoid locations, said headband comprising:
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a flexible band having first and second opposite ends and a center portion therebetween, and being sized to surround said scalp for joining together said first and second ends; a flexible overflap having first and second opposite ends, with said overflap first end being integrally joined to said band center portion, and being sized to extend over said scalp frontal, central, and parietal locations for joining together said overflap second end to said band first and second ends; first means for releasably joining together said band first and second ends; second means for releasably joining together said overflap second end with said joined together band first and second ends; a plurality of first pads each having an electrode wire fixedly joined thereto, with an electrode snap joined to a distal end of said wire for mounting an electrode thereto; and third means for releasably joining said first pads to said overflap for allowing position adjustment of said electrode snaps along said overflap, and thereby position adjustment of said electrode snaps relative to said scalp. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45)
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46. A method of detecting information stored in a brain of a subject comprising:
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presenting to said subject relevant and irrelevant stimuli; detecting an electrical brain response from said subject in response to each of said stimuli; analyzing said electrical brain responses for uncovering as a first facet an electrically positive P3 component thereof, and as a second facet at least one of a phasic shift in frequency power spectrum thereof and an electrically negative component thereof following in time said P3 component; and comparing said electrical brain responses due to said relevant and irrelevant stimuli for detecting said information in said subject brain based on said second facet. - View Dependent Claims (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56)
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57. A method of detecting information stored in a brain of a subject comprising:
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presenting to said subject relevant and irrelevant stimuli; detecting an electrical brain response from said subject in response to each of said stimuli; analyzing said electrical brain responses for uncovering an electrically negative component thereof having an onset latency greater than about 800 msec and having a peak thereafter; and comparing said electrical brain responses due to said relevant and irrelevant stimuli for detecting said information in said subject brain based on said negative component.
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Specification