Circuit for driving two power mosfets in a half-bridge configuration

• US 5,365,118 A
• Filed: 06/04/1992
• Issued: 11/15/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Wilcox, Milton E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Callahan, Timothy P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US07/893,523
• Time in Patent Office: 894 Days
• Field of Search: 307/571, 307/572, 307/491, 307/575, 307/577, 307/578, 307/584, 307/254, 307/592
• US Class Current: 327/109
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/38 Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/538 in a push-pull configuration H02M7/5375 takes precedence ; with oscillating arrangements H02M7/53832, H02M7/53846
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/063 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/0822 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6871 the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor

Abstract

A driver circuit for driving top and bottom power transistors stacked between two supply terminals is provided. The driver circuit includes shoot-through reduction means for monitoring the gate-to-source voltages of the two power transistors so as to inhibit the turning-ON of each power transistor until the gate-to-source voltage of the other power transistor has fallen to a voltage level indicative of the other transistor being OFF. Additionally, the driver circuit which can utilize a bootstrap capacitor for providing enhanced voltages to drive the top power transistor, also includes a bootstrap capacitor recharge means to monitor the output voltage of the circuit so as to inhibit the turning-ON of the top power transistor until the bootstrap capacitor has had sufficient time to recharge.

Claims

1. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of said transistor having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load and to a bootstrap capacitor charged to provide a boosted drive voltage to the first transistor, said circuit comprising:

a driver input adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON;

means for monitoring the first transistor to generate a first signal indicative of the first transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means for monitoring the second transistor to generate a second signal indicative of the second transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means for monitoring the voltage at the output terminal to generate a recharge signal when the output voltage is below a predetermined voltage level; and

means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, the recharge signal and the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second and recharge signals are also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present,

whereby the drive to the first transistor is inhibited until the second transistor is considered to be substantially OFF and the bootstrap capacitor has had time to charge sufficiently to provide at least a predetermined boost to the first transistor drive voltage, and the drive to the second transistor is inhibited until the first transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second transistors are field effect transistors, each having a gate terminal as the control terminal, and an associated gate-to-source voltage.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the first and second transistors are n-channel field effect transistors.

4. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the first transistor comprises a p-channel field effect transistor and the second transistor comprises a n-channel field effect transistor.

5. The circuit of claim 2, wherein:

the first transistor monitoring means monitors the first transistor gate-to-source voltage to generate the first signal when the magnitude of the first transistor gate-to-source voltage is less than a first threshold voltage; and

the second transistor monitoring means monitors the second transistor gate-to-source voltage to generate the second signal when the magnitude of the second transistor gate-to-source voltage is less than a second threshold voltage.

6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein:

the first threshold voltage is at or less than approximately the intrinsic threshold voltage of the first transistor; and

the second threshold voltage is at or less than approximately the intrinsic threshold voltage of the second transistor.

7. The circuit of claim 5, wherein:

the first threshold voltage is at or less than approximately 2 volts; and

the second threshold voltage is at or less than approximately 2 volts.

8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the first transistor monitoring means and the second transistor monitoring means are comparators.

9. The circuit of claim 7, where said driving means further includes a supply terminal coupled to a charge ramp means for providing enhanced voltage drive to the first transistor.

10. The circuit of claim 2 wherein the predetermined voltage is chosen to ensure that the first transistor is driven by a voltage boosted sufficiently beyond the voltage at the first transistor first terminal to reduce operation of the first transistor under non-optimal bias conditions.

11. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the predetermined voltage level is at or less than approximately 3 volts.

12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the monitoring means comprises a comparator.

18. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the first and second transistors are stacked in series between two supply terminals and each transistor has a first terminal coupled to a different one of the supply terminals and a second terminal commonly coupled to the output terminal.

19. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the first and second transistors are stacked in series between two supply terminals and each transistor has a first terminal coupled to a different one of the supply terminals and a second terminal commonly coupled to the output terminal.

20. The circuit of claim 9, wherein the first and second transistors are stacked in series between two supply terminals and each transistor has a first terminal coupled to a different one of the supply terminals and a second terminal commonly coupled to the output terminal.

13. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of said transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load and to a bootstrap capacitor charged to provide a boosted drive voltage to the first transistor, said circuit adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON, said circuit comprising:

means for generating a first signal responsive to a determination that the first transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means for generating a second signal responsive to a determination that the second transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF; and

means for generating a recharge signal indicative of the bootstrap capacitor having charged sufficiently to provide at least a predetermined boost to the first transistor drive voltage; and

means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, the recharge signal and the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second and recharge signals are also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present,

whereby the drive to the first transistor is inhibited until the second transistor is considered to be substantially OFF and the bootstrap capacitor has had time to sufficiently charge, and the drive to the second transistor is inhibited until the first transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

21. The circuit of claim 13, wherein the first and second transistors are stacked in series between two supply terminals and each transistor has a first terminal coupled to a different one of the supply terminals and a second terminal commonly coupled to the output terminal.

14. A method for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of said transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load and to a bootstrap capacitor charged to provide a boosted drive voltage to the first transistor, said circuit adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting when the first transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF to responsively generate a first signal;

detecting when the second transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF to responsively generate a second signal; and

generating a recharge signal indicative of the bootstrap capacitor having charged sufficiently to provide at least a predetermined boost to the first transistor drive voltage; and

driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, the recharge signal and the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second and recharge signals are also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present,

whereby the drive to the first transistor is inhibited until the second transistor is considered to be substantially OFF and the bootstrap capacitor has had time to sufficiently charge, and the drive to the second transistor is inhibited until the first transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

22. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second transistors are stacked in series between two supply terminals and each transistor has a first terminal coupled to a different one of the supply terminals and a second terminal commonly coupled to the output terminal.

15. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of said transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load and to a bootstrap capacitor charged to provide a boosted drive voltage to the first transistor, said circuit comprising:

a driver input adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON;

means for monitoring one of the first and second transistors to generate an "OFF" signal indicative of the monitored transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means for generating a recharge signal indicative of the bootstrap capacitor having charged sufficiently to provide at least a predetermined boost to the first transistor drive voltage; and

means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, and to the "OFF" and recharge signals, so that;

(1) if the second transistor is monitored, the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state, and the recharge and "OFF" signals are also present;

or

(2) if the first transistor is monitored, (a) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the "OFF" signal is also present, and (b) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the recharge signal is also present,

whereby the efficiency of the circuit is improved.

16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the first transistor is monitored.

17. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the second transistor is monitored.