Combined angle demodulator and digitizer

• US 5,369,404 A
• Filed: 04/30/1993
• Issued: 11/29/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Galton, Ian
• Primary Examiner(s): Young, Brian K.
• Application Number:
  US08/056,268
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 341/143, 341/155, 341/172, 375/29, 375/33
• US Class Current: 341/143
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 3/241 the oscillator being part of a phase locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 3/248 with means for eliminating interfering signals, e.g. by multiple phase locked loops multiple loops in general H03L7/07, H03L7/22
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/07 using several loops, e.g. for redundant clock signal generation
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0805 the loop being adapted to provide an additional control signal for use outside the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/093 using special filtering or amplification characteristics in the loop H03L7/087 - H03L7/091 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0991 the oscillator being a digital oscillator, e.g. composed of a fixed oscillator followed by a variable frequency divider H03L7/0995 takes precedence; fixed oscillators with means for selecting among various phases H03L7/0814
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/39 Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators of digital delta-sigma modulators H03M7/3004
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/43 the quantiser being a single bit one
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/456 the modulator having a first order loop filter in the feedforward path

Abstract

A new technology for simultaneously performing the previously separate functions of analog phase-tracking and A/D conversion, represented by a family of systems referred to as delta-sigma frequency-to-digital converters (ΔΣFDCs). Each system uses coarse analog phase measurements, quantization noise shaping, and decimation filtering to perform instantaneous frequency-to-digital conversion. Because they operate on instantaneous frequency in the manner that ΔΣ modulators operate on amplitude, they share many of the benefits enjoyed by ΔΣ modulator-based A/D converters such as reduced analog circuit requirements and amenability to VLSI implementation.

Claims

1. A frequency-to-digital converter that operates on an input signal and generates a digital output signal at an output sample-rate, f, comprising:

a modulator loop means for generating a coarsely quantized digital representation of the frequency modulation of said input signal at a modulator loop sample-rate of Nf where N is a positive number, wherein the component of said digital output signal corresponding to quantization error has a spectrum that occupies primarily high frequencies; and

,

a decimation filter coupled to said modulator loop means, said decimation filter for providing lowpass digital filtering and for reducing the modulator loop sample rate, Nf, to said output sample rate f.

2. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 1 wherein said modulator loop means comprises:

a phase detector with a first and second input, said first input being coupled to said input signal, said phase detector for generating an output signal that depends on the difference in phase of said input signal and any signal applied to said second input of said phase detector;

a sample-and-hold circuit coupled to said phase detector for sampling and holding data received from said phase detector;

a quantizer coupled to said sample-and-hold circuit for performing coarse quantization on each value sampled and held by said sample-and-hold circuit; and

a controlled oscillator coupled to said quantizer for generating an output signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to the output of said quantizer, said controlled oscillator having an output coupled to said second input of said phase detector that is not coupled to said input signal,

so that a feedforward path is comprised of said phase detector, said sample-and-hold circuit, and said quantizer, and a feedback path is comprised of said controlled oscillator from said quantizer to said second of the inputs of said phase detector.

3. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 2 wherein said phase detector is a multiplier-type phase detector.

4. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 2 wherein said phase detector and sample-and-hold circuit are combined to provide means for sampling phase detection, wherein said output of said controlled oscillator determines when said input signal is sampled by said means for sampling phase detection.

5. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 2 wherein said modulator loop means further comprises:

first means for discrete-time filtering in the feedforward path having an input coupled to said sample-and-hold circuit and an output coupled to said quantizer; and

second means for discrete-time filtering in the feedback path having an input coupled to the output of said quantizer and having an output coupled to said controlled oscillator,

so that said feedforward path is comprised of said phase detector, said sample-and-hold circuit, said first means for discrete-time filtering, and said quantizer; and

said feedback path is comprised of said second means for discrete-time filtering and said controlled oscillator coupled from the output of said quantizer to said second input of said phase detector.

6. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 5 wherein said first means for discrete-time filtering in the feedforward path has a transfer function 1/(1-z^-1) and said second means for discrete-time filtering in the feedback path has a transfer function (2-z^-1).

7. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 1 wherein said modulator loop comprises two interconnected modulator loop stages:

a first-stage modulator loop operating on said input signal and generating an output signal y₂ (n), said first-stage modulator loop comprised of;

a first phase detector with a first and second input, said first input being coupled to said input signal, said first phase detector for generating an output signal that depends on the difference in phase of said input signal and any signal applied to said second input of said first phase detector;

a first sample-and-hold circuit coupled to said first phase detector for sampling and holding data received from said first phase detector;

a first quantizer coupled to said first sample-and hold circuit for performing coarse quantization on each value sampled and held by said first sample-and-hold circuit; and

a first controlled oscillator coupled to said first quantizer for generating an output signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to the output of said first quantizer, said first controlled oscillator having an output coupled to said second input of said first phase detector that is not coupled to said input signal,

so that a first feedforward path is comprised of said first phase detector, said first sample-and-hold circuit, and said first quantizer, and a feedback path is comprised of said first controlled oscillator from said first quantizer to one of the inputs of said first phase detector;

a second-stage modulator loop operating on said input signal and generating an output signal y1(n), said second-stage modulator loop comprised of;

a second phase detector with a first and second input, said first input being coupled to said input signal, said second phase detector for generating an output signal that depends on the difference in phase of the input signal and any signal applied to said second input of said second phase detector;

a second sample-and-hold circuit coupled to said second phase detector for sampling and holding data received from said second phase detector;

first means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1) coupled to said second sample-and-hold circuit; and

a second quantizer coupled to said means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1) for performing coarse quantization of output from said means for filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1);

second means for performing discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1) having an input coupled to the output of said second quantizer;

means for adding said output signal y2(n) from said first-stage modulator loop to the output of said second means for performing digital filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1); and

a second controlled oscillator coupled to said means for adding, said second oscillator for generating a signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to the output of said means of adding, said second controlled oscillator having an output coupled to said second input of said second phase detector that is not coupled to said input signal,

so that a second feedforward path is comprised of said second phase detector, said second sample-and-hold circuit, said first means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1), and said second quantizer, and a second feedback path is comprised of said second controlled oscillator, said second means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function (1-z^-1), and said means for adding said output signal y2(n) from said first-stage modulator loop to the output of said second means for performing digital filtering with transfer function (1-z^-1); and

a means coupled to said first and second quantizers of said first-stage and second-stage modulator loops for generating the overall output signal y(n)=y₁ (n)+y₂ (n-1)+y₁ (n-1).

8. The frequency-to-digital converter in claim 1 wherein said modulator loop means comprises:

a sampling phase detector coupled to the input signal, said sampling phase detector for generating a sampled output signal that depends on the difference in phase of said input signal and a signal coupled to a sampling signal input of said sampling phase detector;

a quantizer coupled to said sampling phase detector for performing coarse quantization on each value output from said sampling phase detector and for generating a quantized output; and

a number controlled oscillator coupled to said quantizer for generating an output signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to said quantized output of said quantizer, said number controlled oscillator output coupled to said sampling signal input of said sampling phase detector,

so that a feedforward path is comprised of said sampling phase detector, and said quantizer, and a feedback path is comprised of said number controlled oscillator from said quantizer to said sampling signal input of said phase detector.

9. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 8 wherein said modular loop means further comprises:

first means for discrete-time filtering in the feedforward path having an input coupled to said sampling phase detector and an output coupled to said quantizer; and

second means for discrete-time filtering in the feedback path having an input coupled to the output of said quantizer and having an output coupled to said number controlled oscillator.

10. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 9 wherein said first means for discrete-time filtering in the feedforward path has a transfer function 1/(1-z^-1) and said second means for discrete-time filtering in the feedback path has transfer function (2-z^-1).

11. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 1 wherein said modulator loop comprises two interconnected modulator loop stages:

a first-stage modulator loop operating on said input signal and generating an output signal y₂ (n), said first-stage modulator loop comprised of;

a first sampling phase detector coupled to said input signal, said first sampling phase detector for generating a sampled output signal that depends on the difference in phase of said input signal and a signal at a sampling signal input of said first sampling phase detector;

a first quantizer coupled to said first sampling phase detector for performing coarse quantization on each value of said sampled output signal of said first sampling phase detector and for generating a quantized output; and

a first number controlled oscillator coupled to said first quantizer for generating a signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to said quantized output of said first quantizer, said first number controlled oscillator having an output coupled to said sampling signal input of said first sampling phase detector,

so that a first feedforward path is comprised of said first sampling phase detector, and said first quantizer, and a feedback path is comprised of said first number controlled oscillator from said first quantizer to said sampling signal input of said first sampling phase detector;

a second-stage modulator loop operating on said input signal and generating an output signal y₁ (n), said second-stage modulator loop comprised of;

a second sampling phase detector with a first and second input, said first input being coupled to said input signal, said second sampling phase detector for generating a sampled output signal that depends on the difference in phase of said input signal and a signal at said second input of said second sampling phase detector, said second input being a sampling signal input;

means for discrete-time filtering said sampled output signal with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1), said means for discrete-time filtering coupled to said second sampling phase detector; and

a second quantizer coupled to said means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1) for performing coarse quantization of an output from said means for filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1);

means for adding said output signal y₂ (n) from said first-stage modulator loop to said output of said means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1); and

a second number controlled oscillator coupled to said means for adding, said second number controlled oscillator for generating a signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to the output of said means for adding, said second number controlled oscillator having an output coupled to said sampling signal input of said second phase detector,

so that a second feedforward path is comprised of said second sampling phase detector, said means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function 1/(1-z^-1), and said second quantizer, and a second feedback path is comprised of said second number controlled oscillator, said means for discrete-time filtering with transfer function (1-z^-1), and said means for adding said output signal y₂ (n) output from said first-stage modulator loop to the output of said means for performing discrete-time filtering with transfer function (1-z^-1); and

a means coupled to said first and second quantizers of said first-stage and second-stage modulator loops for generating an overall output signal y(n)=y₁ (n)+y₂ (n-1)+y₁ (n-1).

12. A method of operating on an input signal of the form:

##EQU10## where A is a constant amplitude, fc is a constant carrier frequency, φ

(t) is a frequency modulation signal, and n(t) is undesired noise; and

producing a digital representation of φ

(t);

comprising the steps of;

generating a quantized digital representation of φ

(t) with a sample rate greater than the Nyquist rate of φ

(t), said quantized digital representation of φ

(t) having an error associated therewith, wherein said error is predominantly at high frequencies; and

lowpass filtering and reducing said sample rate of said quantized digital representation of φ

(t) by providing lowpass digital decimation filtering;

where said step of generating comprises the steps of;

performing phase measurements of x_r (t) relative to a feedback signal;

performing quantization on data generated from said phase measurements; and

generating said feedback signal using data from said step of quantization.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of generating comprises the steps of:

sampling and holding data received from said step of performing phase measurements of x_r (t);

performing coarse quantization on data from said step of sampling and holding data; and

generating said feedback signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to quantized data from said step of coarsely quantizing.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said step of generating further comprises the steps of:

discrete-time filtering of sampled-date prior to said step of quantization; and

performing discrete-time filtering prior to said step of generating said feedback signal.

15. A frequency-to-digital converter for processing a frequency modulated input signal and generating a digital signal representing the frequency modulation of the input signal at an output sample-rate, f, comprising:

a plurality of modulator loop means each having an input and an output and a feedforward path and a feedback path, wherein each modulator loop means generates a coarsely quantized digital representation of the frequency modulation of said input signal with a sample-rate greater than said output sample-rate, f, and the component of said digital output signal corresponding to quantization error has a spectrum that occupies primarily high frequencies;

means for coupling said feedforward path of one of said plurality of modulator loop means to said feedback path of another one of said plurality of modulator loop means;

means for coupling said outputs of said plurality of modulator loop means together according to a predetermined functional relationship between said outputs of said plurality of modulator loop means; and

a decimation filter coupled to said commonly coupled outputs, said decimation filter for providing lowpass digital filtering and for reducing the sample-rate of said digital outputs of the modulator loops to said output rate f.

16. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 15 wherein one of said plurality of modulator loop means comprises:

a phase detector;

a sample-and-hold circuit coupled to said phase detector for sampling and holding data received from said phase detector;

a quantizer coupled to said sample-and-hold circuit for performing coarse quantization of data sampled and held by said sample-and-hold circuit and generating a quantized output; and

a controlled oscillator coupled to said quantizer for generating a signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to said quantized output of said quantizer, said controlled oscillator having an output coupled to said phase detector;

so that a feedforward path is comprised of said phase detector, said sample-and-hold circuit, and quantizer, and a feedback path is comprised of said oscillator from said quantizer to one input of said phase detector.

17. The frequency-to-digital converter of claim 16 wherein said one modulator loop means further comprises:

means for discrete-time filtering of sampled-data having input coupled to said sample-and-hold circuit and an output coupled to said quantizer; and

means for performing digital filtering having an input coupled to the output of said quantizer and having an output coupled to said controlled oscillator.

18. A method of frequency-to-digital conversion of a frequency modulated input signal at an output frequency rate of f comprising the steps of:

generating a coarsely quantized digital signal representing the frequency modulation of said input signal in a plurality of modulator loop circuits, each modulator loop circuit having an input and an output, said coarsely quantized digital signal being generated at a sample rate greater than said output frequency rate of f so that said digital signal has a component corresponding to quantization error with a spectrum which occupies primarily high frequencies;

coupling a feedforward signal from one of said plurality of modulator loop circuits to be used as a feedback signal in another one of said plurality of modulator loop circuits;

combining output signals from each of said plurality of modulator loop circuits together according to a predetermined functional relationship between said outputs of said plurality of modulator loop circuits; and

decimation filtering to said commonly coupled outputs to provide lowpass digital filtering and to reduce said sample rate of said digital output of said modulator loop circuits to said output rate f.

19. The method of claim 18 where said step of generating comprises the steps of:

phase detecting said frequency modulated input signal to generate phase detected data;

sampling and holding said phase detected data;

coarsely quantizing said sampled and held phase detected data;

generating a signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to coarsely quantized data from said step of coarsely quantizing; and

controlling said step of phase detecting with said periodic signal.

20. The method of claim 19 where said step of generating further comprises the steps of:

discrete time filtering said sampled and held phase detected data prior to said step of coarsely quantizing; and

digitally filtering said coarsely quantized data.

21. The said method of claim 18 where said step of generating comprises the steps of:

detecting said frequency modulated input signal to generate sampled data;

coarsely quantizing said sampled data;

generating a signal with an instantaneous frequency that varies in proportion to coarsely quantized sample data from said step of coarsely quantizing; and

controlling said step of detecting with said periodic signal.

22. The method of claim 21 where said step of generating further comprises the steps of:

discrete time filtering said sampled data prior to said step of coarsely quantizing; and

digitally filtering said coarsely quantized data.