Conversionless digital sound production

• US 5,369,729 A
• Filed: 03/09/1992
• Issued: 11/29/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Norris, David C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Knepper, David D.
• Application Number:
  US07/848,047
• Time in Patent Office: 995 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2.67, 395/2.74, 381/51-53
• US Class Current: 704/258
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 1/00 Details of electrophonic musical instruments
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/625 Interwave interpolation, i.e. interpolating between two different waveforms, e.g. timbre or pitch or giving one waveform the shape of another while preserving its frequency or vice versa
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 15/02 Synthesis of acoustic waves synthesis of speech G10L13/00

Abstract

Relatively high sound quality is produced from a standard computer speaker without using a digital to analog converter. Error propagation techniques are used to position the cone of a speaker at a position proportional to a waveform sample. Hysteresis may be employed to retard the frequency of the positional changes of the speaker cone to increase the volume of the speaker. An interpolative technique may be employed to produce a smoother transition between waveform samples.

Claims

1. A method of producing sound from a standard computer speaker having a speaker cone, comprising:

storing a series of digital waveform sample values;

selecting a threshold value;

selecting a present error value;

selecting a present sample value from the series of digital waveform sample values;

retrieving the present sample value selected;

determining whether the present sample value minus a present error value is greater than a threshold value;

generating a first speaker bit if the present sample value minus the present error value is greater than the threshold value;

generating a second speaker bit if the present sample value minus the present error value is not greater than the threshold value;

transmitting the first or second speaker bit generated to the speaker;

turning ON the speaker if the first speaker bit is transmitted;

turning OFF the speaker if the second speaker bit is transmitted;

computing a new error value; and

for one or more iterations, repeating the steps beginning with the determining step using the new error value as the present error value, such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to the present sample value.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the first or second speaker bit most recently generated and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the present error value is initially selected as zero.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the threshold value is selected as zero.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating the steps of claim 1 beginning with selecting a present sample value for each sample value in the series of digital waveform sample values such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to the series of digital waveform sample values.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a next sample value and selecting an increment of the difference between the present sample value and the next sample value, and wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the first or second speaker bit most recently generated and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value minus the increment if the next sample value is less than the present sample value and plus the increment if the next sample value is greater than the present sample value.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the threshold value equals a negative hysteresis value when the most recent speaker bit generated is a first speaker bit and the threshold value equals a positive hysteresis value when the most recent speaker bit generated is a second speaker bit.

8. A method of producing sound from a standard computer speaker having a speaker cone, comprising:

selecting a threshold value;

selecting a present error value;

retrieving a present sample value from a series of digital waveform sample values;

determining whether the present sample value minus a present error value is greater than a threshold value;

turning ON the speaker if the present sample value minus the present error value is greater than the threshold value;

turning OFF the speaker if the present sample value minus the present error value is greater than the threshold value;

computing a new error value; and

for one or more iterations, repeating the steps beginning with the determining step using the new error value as the present error value, such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to the present sample value.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the turning 0N or turning OFF step most recently done to the speaker and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising repeating the steps of claim 8 beginning with retrieving a present sample value for each sample value in the series of digital waveform sample values such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to the series of digital waveform sample values.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting a next sample value and selecting an increment of the difference between the next sample value and the present sample value, and wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the turning OFF or turning ON step most recently done to the speaker and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value minus the increment if the next sample value is less than the present sample value and plus the increment if the next sample value is greater than the present sample value.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein the threshold value equals a negative hysteresis value when the most recent action done to the speaker was to turn it ON and the threshold value equals a positive hysteresis value when the most recent action done to the speaker was to turn it OFF.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the turning 0N or turning OFF step most recently done to the speaker and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising repeating the steps of claim 13 for each sample value in the series of digital waveform sample values such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to the series of digital waveform sample values.

14. A method of producing sound from a standard computer speaker having a speaker cone, comprising:

retrieving a present sample value from a series of digital waveform sample values;

determining whether a present error value is less than a predetermined hysteresis value;

if the present error value is less than the hysteresis value, turning ON the speaker;

if the hysteresis value is negative, altering the hysteresis value to make it positive;

if the present error value is not less than the hysteresis value, turning OFF the speaker, and altering the hysteresis value by making it negative;

computing a new error value; and

for one or more iterations, repeating the steps beginning with the determining step using the new error value as the present error value, such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to the present sample value.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the turning 0N or turning OFF step most recently done to speaker and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising selecting a next sample value and selecting an increment of the difference between the present sample value and a new sample value, and wherein the new error value is computed by computing the difference between a speaker value corresponding to the turning ON or turning OFF step most recently done to the speaker and an adjusted value equal to the present sample value minus the present error value minus the increment if the next sample value is less than the present sample value and plus the increment if the next sample value is greater than the present sample value.

18. A method of producing sound from a standard computer speaker having a speaker cone, comprising:

selecting a present error value;

selecting a threshold value;

retrieving a present sample value from a series of digital waveform sample values;

retrieving a next sample value from the series of digital waveform sample values;

determining whether the present sample value minus a present error value is greater than a threshold value;

turning ON the speaker if the present sample value minus the present error value is greater than the threshold value;

turning OFF the speaker if the present sample value minus the present error value is greater than the threshold value;

computing a new error value; and

for one or more iterations, repeating the steps beginning with the determining step using the new error value as the present error value and biasing the method during at least one of the iterations, such that the speaker cone is positioned to emit sound corresponding to values ranging from the present sample value to the next sample value.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the method is biased by:

computing the difference between the present sample value and the next sample value;

computing an increment equal to the difference between the samples divided by a predetermined number of times X that the method is to be biased for the present sample value;

storing the increment computed as the initial increment;

if the next sample value is greater than the present sample value, adding the increment to the new error value computed;

if the next sample value is less that the present sample value, subtracting the increment from the new error value computed;

altering the increment by adding the initial increment to the increment; and

repeating X-1 times, the steps beginning with the adding or subtracting step depending on the results of the comparisons made.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein the method is biased during each repetition of the steps of claim 18.