Methods and apparatus for use in alpha training, EMG training and dichotic learning

• US 5,374,193 A
• Filed: 05/21/1990
• Issued: 12/20/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Joseph N. Trachtman
• Original Assignee: Joseph N. Trachtman
• Inventors: Trachtman, Joseph N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Apley, Richard J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cheng, Joe H.
• Application Number:
  US07/526,167
• Time in Patent Office: 1,674 Days
• Field of Search: 128/630, 128/732, 128/731, 128/765, 351/203, 351/210, 351/208, 351/211, 351/213, 351/214, 351/246, 434/258, 434/236, 434/238, 434/43, 434/44, 434/262, 273/440, 273/454, 364/413.01, 364/413.02, 364/413.06, 364/413.27, 340/573, 358/93, 73/379
• US Class Current: 434/258
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/09 for testing accommodation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/16 Devices for psychotechnics using teaching or educational appliances G09B1/00 - G09B7/00; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/163 by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/375 using biofeedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/377 using evoked responses
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 5/00 Exercisers for the eyes

Abstract

Accommodation training apparatus is modified to include electroencephalography apparatus for monitoring the patient'"'"'s brainwaves. This permits a patient to be trained to enter, and to remain in, the alpha state, even with the eyes open and with something to look at.

A two-dimensional CCD matrix is used to receive reflected-back radiation from the eye. A computer is connected to the matrix and permits the patient to be trained for correction of conditions such as strabismus, nystagmus and eccentric fixation by identifying whether the patient'"'"'s eye is moving or whether the patient'"'"'s state of accommodation is changing.

An LCD matrix is used to present variable visual information to the patient'"'"'s eye. This facilitates training the patient for dichotic learning.

Advantageously, electromyography apparatus is used to monitor the tension of one of the patient'"'"'s muscles, advantageously the frontalis muscle.

Claims

1. A biofeedback device for use in accommodation training of a patient'"'"'s eyes, comprising:

means for detecting, in real time and for one of the patient'"'"'s eyes, at least one parameter of interest;

means for detecting the patient'"'"'s brainwaves;

means for evaluating said at least one parameter in accordance with pre-established criteria, said evaluating means being operatively connected to said means for detecting for one of the patient'"'"'s eyes at least one parameter of interest and operating to evaluate said at least one parameter in real time; and

means for producing an audio output, said audio output means being operatively connected to said evaluating means and operating in real time as a part of a biofeedback system.

3. The device of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising means for monitoring an electromyogram of one of the patient'"'"'s muscles.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein said monitoring means comprises means for monitoring the patient'"'"'s frontalis muscle.

5. The device of claim 3, further comprising means for mechanically linking, with the patient'"'"'s head, said means for detecting for one of the patient'"'"'s eyes at least one parameter of interest, and wherein electrodes for said brainwave detecting means and said monitoring means are mounted to said mechanical linking means in such a position as to make operative electrical contract with the patient when the patient'"'"'s head is properly positioned on said mechanical linking means.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein said mechanical linking means is a head and chin rester.

7. The device of claim 5, wherein said mechanical linking means is an ophthalmic headband with an articulated arm.

8. The device of claim 5, further comprising means for indicating when the patient'"'"'s head fails to make operative contact with said electrodes.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein said parameter detecting means comprises:

means for projecting light onto the eye; and

means for detecting light which is reflected back from the eye.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein said light detecting means includes a two-dimensional CCD matrix.

11. The device of claim 9, wherein said projecting means comprises means for projecting a parallel beam of light onto the eye in Maxwellian View.

12. The device of claim 9, wherein said projecting means comprises means for producing a video image and means for projecting said image onto the eye.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein said video image producing means comprises a two-dimensional LCD matrix.

14. The device of claim 12, wherein said evaluating means comprises a computer and wherein said video image producing means is operatively connected to the computer in such a manner as to produce a video image in response to electrical signals outputted by the computer.

15. The device of claim 9, further comprising means for projecting an alignment pattern upon the iris of the eye.

2. A biofeedback device for use in accommodation training of a patient'"'"'s eyes, comprising:

means for detecting, in real time and for one of the patient'"'"'s eyes, at least one parameter of interest;

means for detecting the patient'"'"'s brainwaves;

means for evaluating said at least one parameter in accordance with pre-established criteria, said evaluating means being operatively connected to said means for detecting for one of the patient'"'"'s eyes at least one parameter of interest and operating to evaluate said at least one parameter in real time; and

means for producing a visual output, said visual output means being operatively connected to said evaluating means and real time as a part of a biofeedback system.

16. A device for use in accommodation training of a patient'"'"'s eye, comprising:

an adjustable frame for aligning the device with the patient'"'"'s eye;

means for projecting an alignment image onto the iris of the eye, whereby adjustment of said frame is facilitated;

means for projecting a blur cue image one the eye, said blur cue projecting means including video image producing means for producing an image from a video signal;

optical focusing means, said optical focusing means being in operative optical relationship with the eye and focusing, to a predetermined plane, light reflected from the eye;

a two-dimensional photosensitive array located in said predetermined plane;

a computer operatively connected to the photosensitive array; and

means for detecting the patient'"'"'s brainwaves, said brainwave detecting means being connected to the computer and having electrodes which are mounted to said frame so as to make operative electrical contact with the patient when the patient'"'"'s head is properly positioned on the frame.

17. The device of claim 16, further comprising means for monitoring an electromyogram of the patient'"'"'s frontalis muscle, said monitoring means having electrodes which are mounted to said frame so as to make operative electrical contact with the patient when the patient'"'"'s head is properly positioned on the frame.

18. The device of claim 16, further comprising video display means which displays a representation of light focused upon the photosensitive array.

19. The device of claim 16, wherein said computer is operative to register a pattern of light on the photosensitive array and to determine deviations between said registered pattern and a current pattern of light on the photosensitive array.

20. A method of training for dichotic learning, comprising the following steps:

monitoring the accommodation of an eye which is undergoing training;

presenting a reference sound to the ear which is associated with the other eye;

presenting a variable sound to the ear associated with the eye which is undergoing training, said variable sound varying with said accommodation of the eye which is undergoing training; and

instructing the patient to make the variable sound match the reference sound.

21. A method of training for dichotic learning, comprising the following steps:

monitoring the accommodation of an eye which is undergoing training;

presenting a reference visual stimulus to the other eye;

presenting a variable visual stimulus to the eye which is undergoing training, said variable visual stimulus varying with said accommodation of the eye which is undergoing training; and

instructing the patient to make the variable visual stimulus match the reference visual stimulus.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of providing, to the ear associated with the eye which is undergoing training, a sound representing the accommodation of the eye which is undergoing training.

23. A method of training a patient to enter the alpha state, comprising the following steps:

monitoring the accommodation of an eye;

presenting the patient with a biofeedback representation of said accommodation;

monitoring the patient'"'"'s brainwaves;

presenting the patient with a biofeedback representation of said brainwaves; and

instructing the patient to maintain said biofeedback representations as instructed.

24. A method of training a patient for enhanced performance, comprising the following steps:

monitoring the position of an eye;

presenting the patient with a biofeedback representation of said position;

monitoring the patient'"'"'s brainwaves;

presenting the patient with a biofeedback representation of said brainwaves; and

instructing the patient to maintain said biofeedback representations as instructed.

25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of monitoring an electromyogram of one of the patient'"'"'s muscles.