Fire sensor

• US 5,376,924 A
• Filed: 09/24/1992
• Issued: 12/27/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hochiki Corporation
• Original Assignee: Hochiki Corporation
• Inventors: Kubo, Tetsuya, Ohtani, Sigelu, Kaji, Yukiko
• Primary Examiner(s): Peng, John K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Johnson, Tim
• Application Number:
  US07/950,470
• Time in Patent Office: 824 Days
• Field of Search: 340/632, 340/633, 340/634, 73/23.21, 73/23.31, 73/23.2
• US Class Current: 340/632
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/117 by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire G08B17/103, G08B17/11 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 25/002 Generating a prealarm to the central station
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 29/183 Single detectors using dual technologies G08B13/1672, G08B13/2448, G08B13/2494 take precedence

Abstract

A fire sensing method and apparatus for detecting a fire based on the detection of a hydrocarbon gas produced before fire ignition and the detection of a second fire indicating phenomenon. Such other phenomenon may comprise the detection of temperature, radiation or combustion product gases. The detection of hydrocarbon gas may generate a pre-alarm condition which permits the use of higher sensitivity conditions for the second fire indicating phenomenon.

Claims

1. A fire sensing method comprising the steps of:

monitoring gas content in a defined area;

storing a reference spectral pattern representing a fire condition based upon combustible gases;

detecting hydrocarbon gas which is produced at a very early state of fire before ignition;

outputting a pre-alarm signal upon detection of said hydrocarbon gas indicating a potential fire condition;

performing spectral analysis of said gas content an increase in level of combustible gases;

comparing a detected spectral pattern with spectral pattern to determine whether a fire condition exists;

generating a signal to indicate the detection of fire only when both said hydrocarbon gas is detected and said detected spectral pattern corresponds to said reference pattern.

2. A fire sensing method comprising the steps of:

detecting hydrocarbon gas which is produced at a very early state of fire before ignition;

outputting a pre-alarm signal upon detection of said hydrocarbon gas indicating a possible fire condition;

detecting a second gas which is produced after fire ignition;

detecting one of a significant increase and significant decrease in said second gas after detection of said hydrocarbon indicating a fire condition; and

outputting a signal indicating detection of a fire only when both said hydrocarbon gas is detected and said one of an increase and decrease is detected in said second gas.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said first gas is a hydrocarbon gas and said second gas is at least one of CO₂, CO and O₂.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said second gas comprises O₂ and said second gas detecting step comprises detecting a significant decrease in O₂ gas.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein said second gas comprises detecting a significant increase in at least one of CO and CO₂ gas.

6. A fire sensing method comprising the steps of:

detecting hydrocarbon gas which is produced at a very early state of fire before ignition;

detecting at least one of radiated heat and temperature; and

generating a signal to indicate the detection of fire only when said hydrocarbon gas has been detected and when said at least one of said radiated heat and temperature is detected after detection of said hydrocarbon gas.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of detecting said at least one of radiated heat and temperature comprises sensing when one of said radiated heat and said temperature exceeds respective predetermined values.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of detecting at least one of radiated heat and temperature comprises sensing when an incremental value per unit of time of one of said radiated heat temperature exceeds respective predetermined values.

9. A fire sensing method comprising the steps of:

detecting hydrocarbon gas at a very early state of a fire before ignition;

detecting a second gas which is produced after fire ignition;

detecting one of an increase and decrease in amount of said second gas; and

generating a signal to indicate detection of a fire only when both said hydrocarbon gas is detected and said one of an increase and decrease in said second gas is detected.

10. A fire sensing method as set forth in claim 9, wherein said detecting step for detecting said one of an increase and decrease in said second gas is based on a rate of change of a said amount per unit of time.

11. A fire sensing method comprising the step of:

determining whether hydrocarbon gas is present in a monitored region;

detecting at least a first gas and a second gas producing during a combustion process;

detecting an increase in both said first gas and said second gas; and

generating an alarm when an increase in both said first gas and said second gas is detected.

12. A fire sensor comprising:

a hydrocarbon gas sensor for detecting hydrocarbon gas produced before ignition;

a combustion gas sensor for detecting gases produced during a combustion process caused by said fire;

a fire judgment section for detecting the occurrence of a fire based upon whether said hydrogen gas is detected and whether said gases produced said combustion process are detected; and

a pre-alarm judgment section, coupled to said sensor, for outputting a pre-alarm signal to said fire judgment section and to an alerting device in response to detection of said hydrocarbon gas which represents an initial stage of a fire;

said fire judgment section judging said fire from one of an increase and decrease of said gases detected by said combustion gas sensor only after said pre-alarm judgement section receives a signal from said hydrocarbon gas sensor indicating detection of hydrocarbon gas and outputting a fire alarm signal.

13. A fire sensor according to claim 12, wherein said combustion gas sensor detects at least one of CO₂ gas, CO gas and O₂ gas, and wherein said fire judgment section judges a fire when at least one of (1) said CO₂ gas and CO gas detected by said combustion gas sensor has been increased drastically after said detection of said hydrocarbon gas, and (2) said O₂ gas detected by said combustion gas sensor is decreased drastically.

14. A fire sensor according to claim 13, wherein said fire judgment section warns that an environment monitored by said fire sensor is being deteriorated by changes in levels of at least one of CO₂ gas, CO gas and O₂ gas as indicated by said combustion gas sensor when said hydrocarbon gas has not been detected.

15. A fire sensor according to claim 12, further comprising a radiation sensor for sensing radiation heat generated by exothermic reaction in the combustion process, said fire judgement section detecting the occurrence of fire in response to both outputs of said hydrocarbon gas sensor and said radiation sensor.

16. A fire sensor according to claim 15, wherein said radiation sensor comprises a pyroelectric element having a detection sensitivity in the infrared region.

17. A fire sensor according to claim 12, further comprising a spectral analyzer means for determining a spectral content of gas in a monitored environment, said fire judgement section detecting the occurrence of fire in response to both outputs of said hydrocarbon gas sensor and said spectral analyzer means.

18. A fire sensor according to claim 17, wherein said fire judgment section is operative to store a reference spectral pattern and to compare the spectral pattern from said spectral analyzer means with said reference spectral pattern for detecting the occurrence of a fire.

19. A fire sensor according to claim 15, wherein a prealarm is produced when said hydrocarbon gas sensor detects a hydrocarbon.

20. A combination fire sensor comprising:

a CO₂ sensor for detecting CO₂ gas produced at a fire;

a CO sensor for detecting CO gas produced at said fire; and

a comparison section for giving an alarm by judging said fire when a content of said CO₂ gas detected by said CO₂ sensor has been increased over a predetermined threshold and when a content of said CO gas detected by said CO sensor has been increased above a predetermined threshold.

21. The combination fire sensor as set forth in claim 20, wherein said comparison section is sensitive to changes in detected gas amount per unit of time.

22. A fire sensor comprising:

first means for detecting a hydrocarbon gas and generating a first output signal;

second means for detecting the presence of a fire and generating a second output signal;

third means responsive to at least said second signal for generating a fire alarm, said third means being responsive to the presence of said first signal for setting a first threshold alarm condition for said second output signal, said first threshold alarm condition being more sensitive than a second threshold alarm condition for said second signal alone.