Telecommunication switching system having adaptive routing switching nodes

• US 5,377,262 A
• Filed: 12/30/1991
• Issued: 12/27/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avaya Incorporated
• Original Assignee: AT&T Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Thieler, Stephen M., Bales, Bruce M., North, Sandra S., Crumpley, Robert L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dwyer, James L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hong, Harry S.
• Application Number:
  US07/816,362
• Time in Patent Office: 1,093 Days
• Field of Search: 370/60, 370/85.4, 370/110.1, 370/85.5, 370/94.1, 379/94, 379/112, 379/201, 379/207, 379/219, 379/220, 379/221, 379/224, 379/225, 379/230, 379/269
• US Class Current: 379/221.06
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13097 Numbering, addressing
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13107 Control equipment for a part of the connection, distributed control, co-processing
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13138 Least cost routing, LCR
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13141 Hunting for free outlet, circuit or channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13176 Common channel signaling, CCS7
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13352 Self-routing networks, real-time routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13353 Routing table, map memory
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/1338 Inter-exchange connection
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13383 Hierarchy of switches, main and subexchange, e.g. satellite exchange
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13541 routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 3/0062 Provisions for network management
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 3/66 Traffic distributors

Abstract

A telecommunication switching system having switching nodes that perform adaptive routing by utilizing the fact that the switching nodes are arranged in a first and a second hierarchy. In addition, each switching node maintains routing information based on telephone and switching node numbers which identify the switching nodes. A destination switching node transfers its routing information back to an originating switching node which combines that routing information with its own in order to determine shorter call paths for subsequent call routing. The first hierarchy is a dialing plan hierarchy having groups of switching nodes at each dialing plan level. The second hierarchy is a switching node hierarchy based on the switching node number of each switching node with at least one switching node of the switching node hierarchy being at a different level in the dialing plan hierarchy. In order to route a call, a switching node first routes through levels of switching nodes in the dialing plan hierarchy until a second switching node is encountered which can determine the identification of the destination switching node based on a dialed telephone number. The second switching node then routes the call through the node hierarchy using the identified node number until a path is determined to the destination switching node.

Claims

1. A method for routing calls in a telecommunication switching system having a plurality of switching nodes interconnected by a plurality of links with each switching node connected to a plurality of telephone station sets, comprising the steps of:

arranging each of the switching nodes into a first and a second routing hierarchy plans with each routing hierarchy plan having a plurality of levels whereby at least one of the switching nodes does not appear at the same level in both hierarchy plans;

routing a call by a first switching node in response to a telephone station set connected to the first switching node placing the call through higher levels of switching nodes in the first routing hierarchy plan until a second switching node is encountered which can determine the identification of a third switching node that is to terminate the call based on call information; and

routing the call in response to the identification of the third switching node through the second routing hierarchy plan until a fourth switching node is encountered that can route the call over a determined path to the third switching node.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of routing through the second routing hierarchy plan comprise the steps of routing the call up through the second routing hierarchy plan until a fifth switching node is encountered that can route the call back down the second routing hierarchy plan to the fourth switching node.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprises the step of routing down through the first routing hierarchy plan upon the third switching node being determined to be in a direct hierarchical path in the first routing hierarchy plan below the first switching node.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first routing hierarchy plan is a dialing plan hierarchy having a group of switching nodes at each dialing plan hierarchical level and each switching node of a lower dialing plan hierarchical group having only one direct hierarchical path to a switching node in the next higher dialing plan hierarchical group.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein each of the switching nodes has an unique switching node number and the second routing hierarchy plan is a switching node hierarchy plan based on the switching node numbers and having a group of switching nodes at each switching node hierarchical level and each switching node of a lower switching node hierarchical group having only one direct hierarchical path to a switching node in the next higher switching node hierarchical group.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the call information is the telephone number of another telephone station set.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of routing through the first routing hierarchy plan comprises the step of using the telephone number of the other telephone station set.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the identification of the third switching node is based on the switching node number of the third switching node.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the the step of routing through the second routing hierarchy plan comprises the the step of using the switching node number of the third switching node.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprises the steps of communicating the call to the other telephone station set by third switching node;

and

acknowledging the receipt of the call by transmission of a message back to the first switching node via the third switching node, fourth switching node, and second switching node.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein each switching node maintains information for routing based on telephone numbers and node numbers and the method further comprises the steps of inserting the routing information of the third, fourth, and second switching nodes into the acknowledge message by each of the third, fourth, and second switching nodes;

and

internally storing the routing information of of the third, fourth, and second switching nodes by the first switching node for routing purposes.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first routing hierarchy plan is dialing plan hierarchy having a group of switching nodes at each dialing plan level and the dialing plan is distributed in blocks of telephone numbers to each switching node with the dialing plan hierarchical group of each switching node is determined by the number of blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node and the position information of each switching node being the identity of the blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node.

13. A method for routing calls in a telecommunication switching system having a plurality of switching nodes interconnected by a plurality of links with each switching node connected to a plurality of telephone station sets, comprising the steps of:

arranging each of the switching nodes into a first and a second routing hierarchy plans with each routing hierarchy plan having a plurality of levels whereby at least one of the switching nodes does not appear at the same level in both routing hierarchy plans;

routing a call by a first switching node in response to a telephone station set connected to the first switching node placing the call through levels of switching nodes in the first routing hierarchy plan until a second switching node is encountered which can determine the identification of a third switching node that is to terminate the call based on call information; and

routing the call through levels of switching nodes in the second routing hierarchy plan by the second switching node until a path is determined to the third switching node.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of routing through the first routing hierarchy plan comprises the step of routing through higher levels of the first routing hierarchy plan until the second switching node is encountered;

and

the step of routing through the second routing hierarchy plan comprise the step of routing the call up through the second routing hierarchy plan until a fourth switching node is encountered that can route the call back down the second routing hierarchy plan to the third switching node.

15. The method of claim 13 further comprises the step of routing down through the first routing hierarchy plan upon the third switching node being determined to be in a direct hierarchical path in the first routing hierarchy plan below the first switching node.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the first routing hierarchy plan is a dialing plan hierarchy having group of switching nodes at each dialing plan level and each switching node of a lower dialing plan level having only one direct hierarchical path to a switching node in the next higher dialing plan level.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein each of the switching nodes has an unique switching node number and the second routing hierarchy plan is a switching node hierarchy plan based on the switching node numbers and having switching node hierarchical groups of switching nodes and each switching node of a lower switching node hierarchical group having only one direct hierarchical path to a switching node in the next higher switching node hierarchical group.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the call information is the telephone number of another telephone station set.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the step of routing through the first routing hierarchy plan comprises the step of using the telephone number of the other telephone station set.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the identification of the third switching node is based on the switching node number of the third switching node.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the step of routing through the second routing hierarchy plan comprises further the step of using the switching node number of the third switching node.

22. The method of claim 13 further comprises the steps of communicating the call to another telephone station set by the third switching node;

and

acknowledging the receipt of the call by transmission of a message back to the first switching node via the third switching node and second switching node.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein each switching node maintains information for routing based on telephone numbers and node numbers and the method further comprises the steps of inserting the routing information of the third and second switching nodes by each of the third and second switching nodes into the acknowledge message;

and

internally storing the routing information of of the third and second switching nodes by the first switching node for routing purposes.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the first routing hierarchy plan is dialing plan hierarchy having the dialing plan distributed in blocks of telephone numbers to each switching node with the dialing plan level of each switching node determined by the number of blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node and the position information of each switching node being the identity of the blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node.

25. A method for routing calls in a telecommunication switching system having a plurality of switching nodes interconnected by a plurality of links with each switching node connected to a plurality of telephone station sets and each switching node maintaining information for routing calls based on telephone numbers and node numbers, the method comprising the steps of:

arranging the switching nodes in a dialing plan hierarchy having dialing plan hierarchical groups of switching nodes with the dialing plan distributed in blocks of telephone numbers to each switching node and the dialing plan hierarchical group of each switching node determined by the number of blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node with each switching node of a lower dialing plan hierarchical group only having one direct hierarchical path to one switching node in the next higher dialing plan hierarchical group;

arranging the switching nodes in a switching node hierarchy having switching node hierarchical groups of switching nodes and each switching node of a lower switching node hierarchical group only having direct hierarchical path to one switching node in the next higher switching node hierarchical group and at least one of the switching nodes at a different dialing plan level of the dialing plan hierarchy than the switching node hierarchy and each of switching nodes having a unique switching node number;

routing a setup message of a call originating from a first telephone station set connected to a first switching node by the first switching node to a second switching node in the next higher dialing plan hierarchical group to which the first switching node has a direct hierarchy path upon the first switching node being unable to determine a destination switching node from a telephone number received from the first telephone station set whereby the setup message comprises the switching node number of the second switching node and the dialed telephone number;

setup message to the second switching node by the third switching node in response to the switching node number in the setup message;

determining by the second switching node that the telephone number identifies a second telephone station set connected to a third switching node;

routing in response to the determination the setup message to the third switching node whereby the setup message comprises the switching node number of the third switching node and the telephone number of the second telephone station set;

communicating the setup message to the second telephone station set by the third switching node;

communicating an acknowledge message from the second telephone station set to the first switching node via the third switching node, the second switching node, and the first switching node to the first telephone station set whereby a path is established from the first and second telephone station sets through the third switching node, the second switching node, and the first switching node;

inserting information in the acknowledgement message that defines the identity of the blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each of the third, fourth, and second switching nodes in the first hierarchy by each of the third, fourth, and second switching nodes; and

storing the information of the third, fourth, and second switching nodes by the first switching node for routing purposes.

26. A method for routing calls in a telecommunication switching system having a plurality of switching nodes interconnected by a plurality of links with each switching node connected to a plurality of terminal units, comprising the steps of:

maintaining by each switching node routing information based on switching node identification numbers and terminal identification numbers;

setting up a call from a first switching node to a second switching node via a set of remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes;

inserting the routing information of the second switching node into an acknowledge message by the second switching node in response to the call;

transmitting the acknowledge message by the second switching node to the first switching node via the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes; and

combining the routing information of the second switching node with the routing information of the first switching node for storage as new routing information of the first switching node.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprises the steps of inserting by each switching node of the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes the routing information of each switching node into the acknowledge message;

and

combining the routing information of the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes with the routing information of the first and second switching nodes for storage as the new routing information of the first switching node.

28. The method of claim 26 further comprises the step of arranging each of the switching nodes into a first and a second routing hierarchy plans with each routing hierarchy plan having a plurality of levels whereby at least one of the switching nodes does not appear at the same level in both routing hierarchy plans;

and

the step of setting up the call comprises the step of routing the call through the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes based on the first routing hierarchy plan and then routing the call based on the second routing hierarchy plan until the call is setup to the second switching node.

29. An apparatus for routing calls in a telecommunication switching system having a plurality of switching nodes interconnected by a plurality of links with each switching node connected to a plurality of telephone station sets, comprising:

means for arranging each of the switching nodes into a first and a second routing hierarchy plans with each routing hierarchy plan having a plurality of levels whereby at least one of the switching nodes does not appear at the same level in both routing hierarchy plans;

means in a first switching node for routing a call in response to a telephone station set connected to the first switching node placing the call through levels of switching nodes in the first routing hierarchy plan until a second switching node is encountered which can determine the identification of a third switching node that is to terminate the call based on call information; and

means in the second switching node for routing the call through levels of switching nodes in the second routing hierarchy plan until a path is determined to the third switching node.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein the means for routing through the first routing hierarchy plan comprises means for routing through higher levels of the first hierarchy until the second switching node is encountered;

and

the means for routing through the second routing hierarchy plan comprise means for routing the call up through the second routing hierarchy plan until a fourth switching node is encountered that can route the call back down the second routing hierarchy plan to the third switching node.

31. The apparatus of claim 29 further comprises means for routing down through the first routing hierarchy plan upon the third switching node being determined to be in a direct hierarchical path in the first routing hierarchy plan below the first switching node.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the first routing hierarchy plan is a dialing plan hierarchy having group of switching nodes at each dialing plan level and each switching node of a lower dialing plan level having only one direct hierarchical path to a switching node in the next higher dialing plan level.

33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein each of the switching nodes has an unique switching node number and the second routing hierarchy plan is a switching node hierarchy plan based on the switching node numbers and having switching node hierarchical groups of switching nodes and each switching node of a lower switching node hierarchical group having only one direct hierarchical path to a switching node in the next higher switching node hierarchical group.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the call information is the telephone number of another telephone station set.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein the means for routing through the first routing hierarchy plan comprises means for using the telephone number of the other telephone station set.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the identification of the third switching node is based on the switching node number of the third switching node.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the means for routing through the second routing hierarchy plan comprises further means for using the switching node number of the third switching node.

38. The apparatus of claim 29 further comprises means in the third switching node for communicating the call to another telephone station set;

and

means in the other telephone station set for acknowledging the receipt of the call by transmission of an acknowledge message back to the first switching node via the third switching node and second switching node.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein each switching node maintains information for routing based on telephone numbers and node numbers and the apparatus further comprises means in each of the third and second switching nodes for inserting the routing information of the third and second switching nodes into the acknowledge message;

and

means in the first switching node for internally storing the routing information of of the third and second switching nodes for routing purposes.

40. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the first routing hierarchy plan is dialing plan hierarchy having the dialing plan distributed in blocks of telephone numbers to each switching node with the dialing plan level of each switching node determined by the number of blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node and the position information of each switching node being the identity of the blocks of the telephone numbers owned by each switching node.

41. An apparatus for routing calls in a telecommunication switching system having a plurality of switching nodes interconnected by a plurality of links with each switching node connected to a plurality of terminal units, comprising:

means for maintaining in each switching node routing information based on switching node identification numbers and terminal identification numbers;

means in a first switching node for setting up a call from the first switching node to a second switching node via a set of remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes;

means in the second switching node for inserting the routing information of the second switching node into an acknowledge message in response to the call;

means in the second switching node for transmitting the acknowledge message to the first switching node via the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes; and

means in the first switching node for combining the routing information of the second switching node with the routing information of the first switching node for storage as new routing information of the first switching node.

42. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprises means in each of the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes for inserting the routing information of each of the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes into the acknowledge message;

and

means in the first switching node for combining the routing information of the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes with the routing information of the first and second switching nodes for storage as the new routing information of the first switching node.

43. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprises means for arranging each of the switching nodes into a first and a second routing hierarchy plans with each routing hierarchy plan having a plurality of levels whereby at least one of the switching nodes does not appear at the same level in both routing hierarchy plans;

and

the means for setting up the call comprises means for routing the call through the set of the remaining ones of the plurality of switching nodes based on the first routing hierarchy plan and then routing the call based on the second routing hierarchy plan until the call is setup to the second switching node.