Device for detecting deterioration of a catalytic converter for an engine

• US 5,377,484 A
• Filed: 11/10/1993
• Issued: 01/03/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/09/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Shimizu, Yasuhiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Hart, Douglas
• Application Number:
  US08/149,805
• Time in Patent Office: 419 Days
• Field of Search: 60/274, 60/276, 60/277, 60/285, 123/291, 123/292
• US Class Current: 60/276
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 11/007 the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/009 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/011 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/107 More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2550/02 Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/1443 with one sensor per cylinder or group of cylinders
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/1456 with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 Engine management systems

Abstract

In an engine having two or more cylinder groups and a common exhaust passage with which exhaust passages individually connected to the respective cylinder groups are merged, the exhaust gases in the respective individual exhaust passage mix each other in the common exhaust passage before flowing into catalytic converter disposed in the common exhaust gas passage, therefore, when the air-fuel ratios of the respective cylinder groups are individually controlled, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the common exhaust passage does not correspond to air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in any of the individual exhaust passages, and this makes it difficult to detect the deterioration of the catalyst based on the output of the upstream O₂ sensor disposed in the individual exhaust passage and the downstream O₂ sensor disposed in the common exhaust passage. In the present invention, the control circuit estimates the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas after mixed by averaging the outputs of the upstream air-fuel ratio sensors disposed in the respective individual exhaust passages, and detects the catalyst deterioration using the average output of the upstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the output of the downstream O₂ sensor.

Claims

1. A device for detecting a deterioration of a three-way catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine, said engine comprising, a plurality of cylinders divided into cylinder groups, individual exhaust passages connected to the respective cylinder groups, a common exhaust passage into which said individual exhaust passages are merged, upstream air-fuel ratio sensors disposed in said respective individual exhaust passages for detecting air-fuel ratios of the exhaust gases in said individual exhaust passages, a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor disposed in said common exhaust passage for detecting an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in said common exhaust passage, at least one three-way catalytic converter disposed in exhaust passage between said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors and said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, and a means for individually controlling the air-fuel ratio of each cylinder group based on outputs of said respective upstream air-fuel ratio sensors, said device comprising:

an estimating means for estimating the air-fuel ratio of a mixture of the exhaust gases from said respective individual exhaust passages flowing into said common exhaust passage based on the output signals of said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors; and

a determining means for determining whether or not said three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated based on the output signal of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and said estimated air-fuel ratio of the mixture of the exhaust gas flowing into said common exhaust passage.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said estimating means calculates a mean value of the air-fuel ratios of the exhaust gases detected at the same time by said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors disposed in said respective individual exhaust passages, and determines that said means value is the air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said determining means comprises, a means for calculating the length of the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the length of the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases, respectively, a means for calculating the area bounded by the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and a reference voltage line thereof and the area bounded by the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases and a reference air-fuel ratio line, respectively, a means for calculating a ratio of said length of the output signal response curve of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and said length of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, a means for calculating a ratio of said area of the output signal response curve and said area of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, and determines whether or not said three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated, based on a relationship between said ratio of the lengths and said ratio of the areas.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein said estimating means calculates a mean value of the air-fuel ratios detected by said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors, at a predetermined sampling interval, and determines that said mean value is the air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases.

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein said predetermined sampling intervals are constant regardless of the operating condition of the engine.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein said determining means comprises, a means for calculating the length of the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the length of the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases, respectively, a means for calculating the area bounded by the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and a reference voltage line thereof and the area bounded by the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases and a reference air-fuel ratio line, respectively, a means for calculating a ratio of said length of the output signal response curve of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and said length of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, a means for calculating a ratio of said area of the output signal response curve and said area of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, and determines whether or not said three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated, based on a relationship between said ratio of the lengths and said ratio of the areas.

7. The device according to claim 4, wherein said predetermined sampling intervals are determined in accordance with the operating condition of the engine.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein said determining means comprises, a means for calculating the length of the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the length of the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases, respectively, a means for calculating the area bounded by the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and a reference voltage line thereof and the area bounded by the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases and a reference air-fuel ratio line, respectively, a means for calculating a ratio of said length of the output signal response curve of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and said length of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, a means for calculating a ratio of said area of the output signal response curve and said area of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, and determines whether or not said three-way catalytic converter(s) has deteriorated, based on a relationship between said ratio of the lengths and said ratio of the areas.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is an O₂ sensor which generates different voltage signals depend on whether the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is on a rich side or a lean side comparing to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein said estimating means calculates a mean value of the air-fuel ratios of the exhaust gases detected at the same time by said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors disposed in said respective individual exhaust passages, and determines that said mean value is the air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases.

11. The device according to claim 10, wherein said determining means comprises, a means for calculating the length of the output signal response curve of said downstream O₂ sensor and the length of the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases, respectively, a means for calculating the area bounded by the output signal response curve of said downstream O₂ sensor and a reference voltage line thereof and the area bounded by the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases and a reference air-fuel ratio line, respectively, a means for calculating a ratio of said length of the output signal response curve of the downstream O₂ sensor and said length of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, a means for calculating a ratio of said area of the output signal response curve and said area of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, and determines whether or not said three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated, based on a relationship between said ratio of the lengths and said ratio of the areas.

12. The device according to claim 9, wherein said estimating means calculates a mean value of the air-fuel ratios detected by said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors at a predetermined sampling intervals between said upstream air-fuel ratio sensors, and determines that said mean value is the air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases.

13. The device according to claim 12, wherein said predetermined sampling intervals are constant regardless of the operating condition of the engine.

14. The device according to claim 13, wherein said determining means comprises, a means for calculating the length of the output signal response curve of said downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the length of the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases, respectively, a means for calculating the area bounded by the output signal response curve of said downstream O₂ sensor and a reference voltage line thereof and the area bounded by the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases and a reference air-fuel ratio line, respectively, a means for calculating a ratio of said length of the output signal response curve of the downstream O₂ sensor and said length of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, a means for calculating a ratio of said area of the output signal response curve and said area of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, and determines whether or not said three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated, based on a relationship between said ratio of the lengths and said ratio of the areas.

15. The device according to claim 12, wherein said predetermined sampling intervals are determined in accordance with the operating condition of the engine.

16. The device according to claim 15, wherein said determining means comprises, a means for calculating the length of the output signal response curve of said downstream O₂ sensor and the length of the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases, respectively, a means for calculating the area bounded by the output signal response curve of said downstream O₂ sensor and a reference voltage line thereof and the area bounded by the response curve of said estimated air-fuel ratio of said mixture of the exhaust gases and a reference air-fuel ratio line, respectively, a means for calculating a ratio of said length of the output signal response curve of the downstream O₂ sensor and said length of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, a means for calculating a ratio of said area of the output signal response curve and said area of the response curve of the estimated air-fuel ratio, and determines whether or not said three-way catalytic converter has deteriorated, based on a relationship between said ratio of the lengths and said ratio of the areas.