Electric vehicle battery pack

• US 5,378,555 A
• Filed: 12/27/1993
• Issued: 01/03/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/27/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Waters, John E., Harris, Brent A., Brouns, Daniel R., Gresley, Ross A., Boys, William E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/172,705
• Time in Patent Office: 372 Days
• Field of Search: 429/96, 429/97, 429/99, 429/100, 429/123, 180/68.5, 206/333, 307/150
• US Class Current: 429/97
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/04 of the electric storage means for propulsion exchanging batteries for electric propulsion of vehicles B60L53/80; for auxiliary purposes only B60R16/04; supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles B60S5/06
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/209 adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells H01M50/216 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/222 Inorganic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/227 Organic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/229 Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/242 adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/262 with fastening means, e.g. locks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/264 for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/289 characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms H01M50/471
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

An electric vehicle battery pack including a plurality of batteries ganged together in an underlying tray. The tray preferably has a plurality of pockets therein each for receiving an individual battery. The batteries are interlocked one to the next and held in place in the tray by a housing which bears down on the batteries by means of a resilient spacer positioned between the tops of the batteries and the ceiling of the housing. The pack forms a structural part of the vehicle in which it is used.

Claims

1. A battery pack for an electric vehicle comprising a plurality of individual batteries ganged together and nesting in an underlying supporting tray, and interlock means engaging the ends of said batteries for preventing relative movement between adjacent batteries in the pack, said supporting tray comprising a plurality of intersecting, upstanding walls stiffening said tray and defining a plurality of pockets each receiving a one of said batteries, a perimetrical flange extending outboard said upstanding walls, a housing enclosing said pack, said housing comprising a ceiling wall, a plurality of side walls depending from said ceiling wall, and a peripheral flange extending outwardly from the edges of said sidewalls opposite said ceiling wall and overlying said perimetrical flange, a resilient spacer compressed between said ceiling wall and the tops of the batteries, and fastener means joining said perimetrical and peripheral flanges securely together so as to provide a rigid structure which provides structural strength to said vehicle while substantially immobilizing the batteries against movement.

2. A battery pack for an electric vehicle comprising a plurality of individual batteries ganged together, an underlying supporting tray, a lower tier of said batteries nesting in said supporting tray, an upper tier of said batteries overlying and supported by said lower tier and interlock means intermediate said tiers, said interlock means having recesses therein nesting with said batteries in said upper and lower tiers and preventing relative movement between adjacent batteries in the pack, said supporting tray comprising a plurality of intersecting, upstanding walls stiffening said tray and defining a plurality of pockets each receiving a one of said lower tier batteries, a perimetrical flange extending outboard said upstanding walls, a housing enclosing said pack, said housing comprising a ceiling wall, a plurality of sidewalls depending from said ceiling wall, and a peripheral flange extending outwardly from the edges of said sidewalls opposite said ceiling all and overlying said perimetrical flange, a resilient spacer compressed between said ceiling wall and said upper tier of batteries, and fastener means joining said perimetrical and peripheral flanges securely together so as to provide a rigid structure which provides structural strength to said vehicle while substantially immobilizing the batteries against movement.

3. A battery pack according to claim 2 wherein said interlock comprises a tray having a first recess in an upper face for receiving the underside of a battery in said upper tier, a second recess in a lower face for receiving the topside of a battery in said lower tier and coupling means on the perimeter of said interlock tray for coupling said tray to a next adjacent interlock tray in said pack.

4. A battery pack according to claim 3 wherein said coupling means comprises mortise and tenon means mating with complementary mortise and tenon means on the next adjacent interlock tray.

5. A battery pack according to claim 4 wherein the mating mortise and tenon means form a dovetail joint.

6. A battery pack according to claim 2 said interlock comprises at least one socket formed in the ends of each battery and a plug overlying a set of sockets on adjacent batteries said plug comprising a rigid body and a plurality of tongues depending from said body into the sockets of said set.

7. A battery pack comprising a plurality of individual batteries ganged together side-by-side and end-to-end in an underlying tray supporting said batteries, said batteries each comprising a container, means on opposite end of said container for locking each container to the next adjacent battery in the pack, said locking means comprising a socket in each said container and an interlock member overlying a set of sockets on adjacent batteries said interlock member comprising a rigid body and a plurality of tongues depending from said body into the sockets of said set to hold said adjacent batteries together, and anchoring means for holding said batteries securely in said tray.

8. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein said anchoring means engages said interlocking means.

9. A battery pack according to claim 8 wherein said anchoring means engages said tray.

10. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein said tray comprises a plurality of intersecting, upstanding walls stiffening said tray and defining a plurality of pockets each receiving a one of said batteries.

11. A battery pack according to claim 10 wherein each said pocket is defined by a floor having reinforcing ribs upstanding therefrom and supporting the battery therein.

12. A battery pack according to claim 11 wherein said reinforcing ribs extend diagonally across said floor and intersect in the middle thereof.

13. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein said tray includes a perimetrical flange extending outboard said upstanding walls and said anchoring means comprises a housing enclosing said pack, said housing comprising a ceiling wall, a plurality of sidewalls depending from said ceiling wall, and a peripheral flange extending outwardly from the edges of said sidewalls opposite said ceiling wall and overlying said perimetrical flange, and fastener means joining said perimetrical and peripheral flanges securely together.

14. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein said anchoring means comprises a housing enclosing said pack and secured to said tray, said housing comprising a ceiling wall overlying said pack and a plurality of sidewalls depending from said ceiling wall circumscribing said pack.

15. A battery pack according to claim 14 wherein said anchoring means includes a resilient spacer compressed between said ceiling wall and the tops of said batteries.

16. A battery pack according to claim 15 wherein said spacer comprises a foamed polymer.

17. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein said body includes at least one passage therethrough transverse its length for receiving interbattery electrical connectors, pack control wiring, pack coolant conduits and the like.

18. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein said pack includes a plurality of tiers of batteries ganged together and said body includes upstanding walls defining a nest receiving a battery in a superjacent tier.

19. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein a single said interlocking member engages adjacent batteries which are end-to-end and side-by-side.

20. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein each said container includes a lateral projection extending outwardly from an external wall thereof and said interlocking member includes a retainer having a shoulder thereon for engaging said projection and securely fastening said member to said batteries.

21. A battery pack according to claim 7 wherein the underside of said body engages said container atop said sockets.

22. A battery pack according to claim 20 wherein said projection comprises a rib extending the length of said container.

23. A battery pack according to claim 14 wherein said tray and said housing comprise a glass reinforced polymer.

24. A battery pack according to claim 23 wherein said polymer comprises polypropylene.

26. A battery according to claim 10 wherein said foamed polymer comprises beaded polypropylene.

25. A battery pack comprising a plurality of individual batteries ganged together side-by-side and end-to-end in an underlying tray supporting said batteries, said batteries each comprising a container having a case and cover, a shelf on said case overhanging each end of said battery and confronting a shelf on a next adjacent battery in the pack, a socket in each said shelf, an interlock comprising a rigid body overlying a set of adjacent shelves and a plurality of tongues depending from said body into said sockets for holding said adjacent batteries together, and anchoring means engaging said tray and holding said batteries securely in said tray.