Liquid crystal display element and a projection type liquid crystal display apparatus
First Claim
1. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprisinga pair of substrates provided with electrodes anda liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix,said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and the elastic constant K33 (10-12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η
)0.5 >
R>
(K33/Δ
ε
LC)0.5.
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Abstract
A liquid crystal display element comprises a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between the pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, the nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in a state, the refractive index of the liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of the solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in the other state, the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, wherein the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal used is 0.18 or higher, and the dielectric anisotropy ΔεLC of the liquid crystal used satisfies the relation of 5<ΔεLC <13.
-
Citations
27 Claims
-
1. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and the elastic constant K33 (10-12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η
)0.5 >
R>
(K33/Δ
ε
LC)0.5. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
2. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the viscosity η
(cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δ
n2 /η
>
0.0014,and the elastic constant K33 (10-12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η
)0.5 >
R>
(K33/Δ
ε
LC)0.5.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
3. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the electrode substrate gap d (μ
m) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">·
R<
d<
9·
Rand
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.6R·
V<
d<
1.6R·
V.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
4. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and the electrode substrate gap d (μ
m) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">·
R<
d<
9·
Rand
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.6R·
V<
d<
1.6R·
V.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
5. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the viscosity η
(cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δ
n2 /η
>
0.0014,and the electrode substrate gap d (μ
m) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">·
R<
d<
9·
Rand
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.6R·
V<
d<
1.6R·
V.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
6. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
7. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
8. A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising
a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the viscosity η
(cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δ
n2 /η
>
0.0014,and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
15. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and the elastic constant K33 (10-12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η
)0.5 >
R>
(K33/Δ
ε
LC)0.5. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 27)
-
27. The projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus of any one of claims 15-22 wherein said liquid crystal display element is applied in a reflection type display.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
16. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the viscosity η
(cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δ
n2 /η
>
0.0014,and the elastic constant K33 (10-12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η
)0.5 >
R>
(K33/Δ
ε
LC)0.5.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
17. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the electrode substrate gap d (μ
m) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">3·
R<
d<
9·
Rand
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.6R·
V<
d<
1.6R·
V.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
18. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and the electrode substrate gap d (μ
m) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">3·
R<
d<
9·
Rand
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.6R·
V<
d<
1.6R·
V.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
19. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the average particle diameter R (μ
m) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<
R·
Δ
n<
0.7,and the viscosity η
(cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δ
n2 /η
>
0.0014,and the electrode substrate gap d (μ
m) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">·
R<
d<
9·
Rand
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.6R·
V<
d<
1.6R·
V.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
20. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface. - View Dependent Claims (26)
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
21. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the dielectric constant ε
M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δ
ε
LC <
1.45 ε
M,and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
-
22. A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination
a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δ - n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Δ
n,and the dielectric anisotropy Δ
ε
LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<
Δ
ε
LC <
13,and the viscosity η
(cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δ
n2 /η
>
0.0014,and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.
- n of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦
Specification