Electrochromic pane

• US 5,379,146 A
• Filed: 04/28/1993
• Issued: 01/03/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Saint-Gobain Vitrage International
• Original Assignee: Saint-Gobain Vitrage International
• Inventors: Defendini, Francis
• Primary Examiner(s): LaRoche, Eugene R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): YOO, DO H
• Application Number:
  US08/053,351
• Time in Patent Office: 615 Days
• Field of Search: 359/265, 359/273, 359/274, 359/275
• US Class Current: 359/275
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/42 at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/155 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/161 Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/163 Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor

Abstract

The present invention has as its subject an electrochromic pane including two glass sheets (1, 2), each coated with a transparent electrically conducting film (3, 4) and separated by an electrode of electrochromic material (5), an electrolyte (6) and a counter-electrode (7). The electrically conducting films (3, 4) are, on the one hand, connected by current supply leads (8, 9) to an electrical supply system generating a potential difference (U₁) according to a desired modification to the coloration of the electrochromic material and, on the other hand, are connected to each other at least at a portion of their periphery by an electrically conducting material (11).

Claims

1. An electrochromic pane comprising:

first and second glass sheets, each coated with a transparent electrically conducting film;

a first electrode of electrochromic material formed on the first glass sheet;

a counter-electrode of electrochromic material formed on the second glass sheet;

an electrolyte formed between the first electrode and the counter-electrode;

electrical supply leads for connecting the electrically conducting films to an electrical supply system generating a potential difference (U₁) as a function of a desired modification of a coloration state of at least one of the first electrode and the counter-electrode; and

an electron conducting material connecting the electrically conducting films to each other at least at a portion of their periphery for creating a controlled short-circuit between the electrically conducting films, wherein the electron conducting material is filled between the first and second glass sheets by contacting the conducting films.

2. The electrochromic pane according to claim 1, wherein the electrical supply leads comprise two electrical leads and a reference point.

3. The electrochromic pane according to claim 1, wherein the electron conducting material comprises a polymeric matrix, in which electron conducting particles are embedded.

4. The electrochromic pane according to claim 3, wherein the polymeric matrix of the electron conducting material is based upon a compound selected from the group consisting of butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, polysulphide or polyurethane.

5. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein the conducting particles of the electron conducting material are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, or a metal.

6. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein a percentage by volume of the conducting particles relative to a totality of said particles and the polymeric matrix is from 10% to 20%.

7. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein the electron conducting material has an electron conductivity lying between 10^-1 and 10⁺³ ohm^-1 ·

cm^-1 and preferably of approximately 10⁺² ohm^-1 ·

cm^-1.

8. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein the electron conducting material connects together the two electrically conducting films over an entire area of a periphery of the electrochromic pane.

9. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein the electron conducting material is at least partly in contact with the electrical supply leads.

10. The electrochromic pane according to claim 7, wherein the electron conducting material further seals the electrochromic pane against liquid and vapor, and contains a desiccant of a molecular sieve.

11. The electrochromic pane according to claim 8, wherein the electron conducting material further seals the electrochromic pane against liquid and vapor, and contains a desiccant of a molecular sieve.

12. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein the potential difference (U₁) applied to the electrically conducting films during a coloration or decoloration phase of the at least one of the first electrode and the counter-electrode of electrochromic material or during a maintenance of a given coloration of the at least one of the first electrode and the counter-electrode of electrochromic material, is adapted so as to take account of electron transfer from the electrically conducting film coating the first glass sheet to the electrically conducting film coating the second glass sheet through the electron conducting material.

13. The electrochromic pane according to claim 10, wherein in a case of a defect or failure of applying the potential difference, the electron conducting material has a sufficient electron conductivity for an electrical connection which it assumes between the electrically conducting films coating the first and second glass sheets to cause a return of the at least one of the first electrode and the counter-electrode of electrochromic material to a decolored state in a period of time approximately equal to a time necessary for the at least one of the first electrode and the counter-electrode of electrochromic material to pass from the decolored state to a colored state under the application of a predetermined potential difference.

14. The electrochromic pane according to either of claims 3 or 4, wherein the potential difference (U₁) applied to the electrically conducting films coating the first and second glass sheets during phases of coloration and decoloration remains within limits of electrochemical stability of the at least one of the first electrode and of the counter-electrode of electrochromic material, in that said potential difference (U₁) applied during a holding phase in a colored state is close to a value of a thermodynamic equilibrium voltage of the at least one of the first electrode and the counter-electrode of electrochromic material.

15. The electrochromic pane according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the electrochromic pane functions by insertion/de-insertion reactions of protons, the first electrode comprises tungsten oxide, the counter-electrode comprises iridium oxide and the electrolyte is a proton-conducting electrolyte of a solid solution of polyethylene oxide of phosphoric acid.

16. The electrochromic pane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrochromic pane functions by insertion/de-insertion reactions of lithium cations, the first electrode comprises tungsten oxide, the counter-electrode comprises nickel oxide and the electrolyte is conductive of lithium cations and is composed of a solid solution of lithium perchlorate and polyethylene oxide or is composed of a gel from a titanium alkoxide.