Stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) powered electrochromic window

• US 5,384,653 A
• Filed: 11/06/1992
• Issued: 01/24/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Midwest Research Institute
• Original Assignee: Midwest Research Institute
• Inventors: Stone, Jack L., Deb, Satyendra K., Benson, David K., Crandall, Richard S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ben, Loha
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Thomas
• Application Number:
  US07/972,242
• Time in Patent Office: 809 Days
• Field of Search: 359/260, 359/265, 359/220, 359/275, 52/398, 52/399
• US Class Current: 359/270
• CPC Class Codes: E06B 3/6722 with adjustable passage of light
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/153 Constructional details

Abstract

A variable transmittance double pane window includes an electrochromic material that has been deposited on one pane of the window in conjunction with an array of photovoltaic cells deposited along an edge of the pane to produce the required electric power necessary to vary the effective transmittance of the window. A battery is placed in a parallel fashion to the array of photovoltaic cells to allow the user the ability to manually override the system when a desired transmittance is desired.

Claims

1. Window apparatus comprising:

a sheet of transparent material having a surface, a first portion of which surface has electrochromic opacity varying means for varying effective radiation transmittance of said first portion of said sheet in response to an electric field, and a second portion of which surface has photovoltaic electric field producing means deposited on said surface that absorbs incident light to produce an electric field; and

circuit means connected to said photovoltaic electric field producing means deposited on said second portion of said surface of said sheet and to said electrochromic opacity varying means in such manner that an electric field produced by said photovoltaic means in response to light incident on said second surface portion of said sheet is applied to said electrochromic opacity varying means on said first portion of said surface to vary the effective light transmittance of said first portion of said surface of said sheet in response to said light incident on said second portion of said surface of said sheet.

2. The window apparatus of claim 1, wherein said transparent material comprises glass.

3. The window apparatus of claim 1, wherein said transparent material comprises a flexible plastic material.

4. The window apparatus of claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic electric field producing means, includes a photosensitive semiconductor deposited on said second portion of said surface for producing said electric field in response to irradiation by light energy.

5. The window apparatus of claim 1, wherein said electrochromic opacity varying means includes a layer of electrochromic material, a layer of electrolyte material, an ion storage layer, and two separate layers of electrically conductive material, said layer of electrochromic material and electrolyte material being sandwiched between said two layers of electrically conductive material, and said circuit means being connected to said two layers of electrically conductive material in a manner that allows an electric field to be applied in reversible polarity across said electrochromic and ion storage layers.

6. The window apparatus of claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic electric field producing means is deposited on a loop-shaped portion of said sheet a distance spaced inwardly from the perimeter of said sheet.

7. The window apparatus of claim 1, wherein said circuit means includes switch means for reversing polarity of the electric field applied to said electrochromic opacity varying means.

8. The window apparatus of claim 7, wherein said circuit means includes alternate electric field producing means, and wherein said switch means is also connected to said alternate electric field producing means for selectively connecting said alternate electric field producing means to said electrochromic opacity varying means.

9. The window apparatus of claim 8, wherein said alternate electric field producing means includes a battery.

10. The window apparatus of claim 9, wherein said battery is rechargeable by an electric field produced by said photovoltaic electric field producing means deposited on said second portion of said surface of said sheet.

11. The window apparatus of claim 1, including:

a first pane comprising said sheet of transparent material, said electrochromic opacity varying means, and said photovoltaic electric field producing means;

a second pane comprising another sheet of transparent material positioned parallel to and a distance spaced apart from said first pane in such a manner that said surface of said first pane that contains said electrochromic opacity varying means and said photovoltaic electric field producing means is positioned in facing juxtaposed relation to said second pane; and

a spacer rim positioned between the perimeter edges of said first and second panes to enclose a chamber between said first and second panes.

12. The window apparatus of claim 11, wherein said spacer rim has a channel-shaped cross-section that encloses a compartment with apertures connecting said chamber and said compartment, and a dessicant material positioned in said compartment.

13. The window apparatus of claim 11, wherein said first pane is spaced about 10 to 15 mm apart from said second pane.

14. Window apparatus comprising:

a sheet of transparent material having a surface, electrochromic opacity varying means on a portion of the surface of said sheet for varying the effective radiation transmittance of said sheet;

photovoltaic electric power producing means deposited on another portion of the surface of said sheet for producing electric power; and

circuit means connected to said photovoltaic electric power producing means and to said electrochromic opacity varying means for applying electric power produced by said photovoltaic electric power producing means across said electrochromic opacity varying means and thereby to vary the effective transmittance of said sheet, said circuit means including alternate electric power source means for providing alternative electric power as a selectable substitute for said photovoltaic electric power producing means, and switch means for reversing polarity of the electric power applied to said electrochromic opacity varying means as well as for selectively connecting said alternate electric power source means to said electrochromic opacity varying means.

15. The window apparatus of claim 14, wherein said alternate electric power source means includes a battery.

16. The window apparatus of claim 15, wherein said battery is rechargeable with electric power produced by said photovoltaic electric power producing means.

17. Window apparatus comprising:

a first pane comprising a sheet of transparent material having a surface, electrochromic opacity varying means on a portion of the surface of said sheet for varying the effective radiation transmittance of said sheet;

photovoltaic electric power producing means deposited on another portion of the surface of said sheet for producing electric power;

circuit means connected to said photovoltaic electric power producing means and to said electrochromic opacity varying means for applying electric power produced by said photovoltaic electric power producing means across said electrochromic opacity varying means and thereby to vary the effective transmittance of said sheet;

a second pane comprising another sheet of transparent material positioned parallel to and about 10 to 15 mm apart from said first pane, said surface of said first pane that contains said electrochromic opacity varying means and said photovoltaic electric power producing means being positioned in facing juxtaposed relation to said second pane; and

a spacer rim having a channel-shaped with a compartment therein positioned between the perimeter edges of said first and second panes to enclose a chamber between said first and second panes, a desiccant positioned in said compartment, and said rim having apertures opening said compartment to said chamber.