Method and apparatus for transmitting NRZ data signals across an isolation barrier disposed in an interface between adjacent devices on a bus

• US 5,384,808 A
• Filed: 12/31/1992
• Issued: 01/24/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Oprescu, Florin, Van Brunt, Roger
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): WEBSTER, BRYAN E
• Application Number:
  US07/999,155
• Time in Patent Office: 754 Days
• Field of Search: 375/106, 375/36, 375/28, 307/473, 341/68, 341/69
• US Class Current: 375/257
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4072 Drivers or receivers G06F13/4086 takes precedence; for multistate logic circuits H03K19/0002
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 5/18 two levels being symmetrical with respect to the third level, i.e. balanced bipolar ternary code
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0266 Arrangements for providing Galvanic isolation, e.g. by means of magnetic or capacitive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4925 using balanced bipolar ternary codes

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for transmitting NRZ data signals across an interface comprising an isolation barrier disposed between two devices interconnected via a bus. The apparatus comprises a signal differentiator for receiving an NRZ data signal and outputting a differentiated signal. A driver comprising a tri-state gate has as a first input the data signal and as a second input the differentiated signal for enabling the tri-state gate when the differentiated signal is high. A bias voltage is applied to an output of the tri-state gate to derive as output a transmission signal for transmission via the bus across the interface between the two devices. In this way, the transmission signal output from the first device comprises an intermediate transmission signal corresponding to the bias voltage when the tri-state gate is disabled, a high transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is high, and a low transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is low. A Schmidt trigger is provided as a receiver in the second device for receiving as input the transmission signal and outputting a reconstituted data signal corresponding to the synchronized data signal.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting an NRZ data signal across an interface between two devices interconnected via a bus, the method comprising the steps of:

differentiating the data signal with a signal differentiator responsive to a clock signal to produce a differentiated signal;

supplying the data signal as a first input to a driver comprising a tri-state gate;

supplying the differentiated signal as a second input to the tri-state gate to enable the tri-state gate when the differentiated signal is high;

applying a bias voltage to an output of the tri-state gate to derive as output from the tri-state gate a transmission signal for transmission across the interface;

transmitting the transmission signal across the interface between the two devices; and

supplying the transmission signal as input to an electronic component having as output a reconstituted data signal comprising

(1) a high data signal when the input to the electronic component reaches a value substantially above the voltage bias, and

(2) a low data signal when the input to the electronic component reaches a value substantially below the voltage bias.

2. A method for transmitting an NRZ data signal across an interface comprising an isolation barrier disposed between a first device and a second device interconnected via a bus, the method comprising the steps of:

differentiating the data signal with a signal differentiator responsive to the clock signal to produce a differentiated signal;

supplying the data signal as a first input to a driver comprising a tri-state gate;

supplying the differentiated signal as a second input to the tri-state gate to enable the tri-state gate when the differentiated signal is high;

applying a bias voltage to an output of the tri-state gate to derive as output from the tri-state gate a transmission signal comprising

(1) an intermediate transmission signal corresponding to the voltage bias when the tri-state gate is disabled,

(2) a high transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is high, and

(3) a low transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is low;

transmitting the transmission signal derived from the output of the tri-state gate from the first device through the isolation barrier to the second device; and

supplying the transmission signal to a Schmidt trigger to derive as output from the Schmidt trigger a reconstituted data signal corresponding to the data signal.

3. A method for transmitting an NRZ data signal across an interface comprising an isolation barrier disposed between a first device and a second device interconnected via a bus, the method comprising the steps of:

synchronizing the data signal with a clock signal;

supplying the synchronized data signal to a flip-flop responsive to the clock signal to output a delayed synchronized data signal delayed by one clock period;

supplying the synchronized data signal as a first input to an exclusive OR gate;

supplying the delayed synchronized data signal as a second input to the exclusive OR gate to output a differentiated signal;

supplying the synchronized data signal as a first input to a driver comprising a tri-state gate;

supplying the differentiated signal as a second input to the tri-state gate to enable the tri-state gate when the differentiated signal is high;

applying a bias voltage to an output of the tri-state gate to derive as output from the tri-state gate a first transmission signal comprising

(1) an intermediate transmission signal corresponding to the bias voltage when the tri-state gate is disabled,

(2) a high transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is high, and

(3) a low transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is low;

transmitting the first transmission signal derived from the output of the tri-state gate from the first device to the isolation barrier to generate as output from the isolation barrier a second transmission signal electrically isolated from the first transmission signal; and

transmitting the second transmission signal to a Schmidt trigger having two thresholds to derive as output from the Schmidt trigger a reconstituted data signal corresponding to the synchronized data signal, wherein the bias voltage applied to the output of the tri-state gate sets a DC level of the first and second transmission signals around which a voltage difference between the thresholds of the Schmidt trigger is centered.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of transmitting the first transmission signal to the isolation barrier further comprises the step of transmitting the first transmission signal through a first blocking capacitor and a first resistor before reception of the first transmission signal by the isolation barrier, and wherein the step of transmitting the second transmission signal to the Schmidt trigger further comprises the step of transmitting the second transmission signal through a second blocking capacitor and a second resistor before reception of the second transmission signal by the Schmidt trigger.

5. An apparatus for transmitting an NRZ data signal across an interface between two devices interconnected via a bus, the apparatus comprising:

a signal differentiator responsive to a clock signal for receiving the data signal and outputting a differentiated signal;

a driver comprising a tri-state gate having as a first input the data signal, the tri-state gate further having as a second input the differentiated signal for enabling the tri-gate when the differentiated signal is high;

a bias voltage applied to an output of the tri-state gate to derive as output from the tri-state gate a transmission signal for transmission via the bus across the interface between the two devices; and

an electronic component for receiving the transmission signal and outputting a reconstituted data signal comprising

(1) a high data signal when the input to the electronic component reaches a value substantially above the voltage bias, and

(2) a low data signal when the input to the electronic component reaches a value substantially below the voltage bias.

6. An apparatus for transmitting an NRZ data signal across an interface comprising an isolation barrier disposed between a first device and a second device interconnected via a bus, the apparatus comprising:

a first flip-flop responsive to a clock signal for receiving the data signal and outputting a synchronized data signal;

a second flip-flop responsive to the clock signal for receiving the synchronized data signal and outputting a delayed synchronized data signal delayed by one clock period;

an exclusive OR gate for receiving as input the delayed synchronized data signal and the synchronized data signal and outputting a differentiated signal;

a tri-state gate for receiving as a first input the synchronized data signal and receiving as a second input the differentiated signal, the differentiated signal enabling the tri-state gate when the differentiated signal is high;

a bias voltage applied to an output of the tri-state gate for outputting a first transmission signal comprising

(1) an intermediate transmission signal corresponding to the bias voltage when the tri-state gate is disabled,

(2) a high transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is high, and

(3) a low transmission signal when the tri-state gate is enabled and the first input to the tri-state gate is low;

a first blocking capacitor disposed in the bus between the first device and the isolation barrier;

a first resistor disposed in the bus between the first blocking capacitor and the isolation barrier;

the isolation barrier for receiving the first transmission signal and outputting a second transmission signal electrically isolated from the first transmission signal;

a second resistor disposed in the bus between the isolation barrier and the second device;

a second blocking capacitor disposed in the bus between the second resistor and the second device; and

a Schmidt trigger for receiving as input the second transmission signal and outputting a reconstituted data signal corresponding to the synchronized data signal.

7. A method for transmitting an NRZ data signal across an interface between two devices interconnected via a bus, the method comprising the steps of:

differentiating the data signal with a signal differentiator responsive to a clock signal to produce a differentiated signal having a first state and a second state;

supplying the data signal as a first input to a driver comprising a tri-state gate;

supplying the differentiated signal as a second input to the tri-state gate to enable the tri-state gate when the differentiated signal is in the first state;

applying a bias voltage to an output of the tri-state gate to derive as output from the tri-state gate a transmission signal for transmission across the interface;

transmitting the transmission signal across the interface between the two devices; and

supplying the transmission signal as input to an electronic component having as output a reconstituted data signal comprising

(1) a first signal corresponding to a first logic state when the input to the electronic component reaches a value substantially above the voltage bias, and

(1) a second signal corresponding to a second logic state when the input to the electronic component reaches a value substantially below the voltage bias.