Local area network with fault detection and recovery

• US 5,390,326 A
• Filed: 04/30/1993
• Issued: 02/14/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Invensys Systems Incorporated (Invensys PLC)
• Original Assignee: The Foxboro Company (Schneider Electric SE)
• Inventors: Shah, Nitin J.
• Primary Examiner(s): ATKINSON, CHARLES
• Application Number:
  US08/056,221
• Time in Patent Office: 655 Days
• Field of Search: 371/8.2, 371/9.1, 371/20.6, 371/62, 395/575, 370/14, 370/16, 370/85.4
• US Class Current: 370/222
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/0757 by exceeding a time limit, i.e. time-out, e.g. watchdogs
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/076 by exceeding a count or rate limit, e.g. word- or bit count limit
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2007 using redundant communication media
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/417 with deterministic access, e.g. token passing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0654 using network fault recovery ring fault isolation or reconfiguration in loop networks without recovery actions by a network management system H04L12/437
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0677 Localisation of faults
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/00 Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0811 by checking connectivity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/10 Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route

Abstract

A local area network having fault detection and recovery and a method for detecting and recovering from faults in a local area network are disclosed. The network has modules interconnected by a token bus implemented by a pair of redundant cable systems. All of the modules are agent modules and one of the modules also serves as a master module. Each agent module periodically transmits an agent heartbeat signal on each of its cables. Each module monitors all of the agent heartbeat signals from all of the other modules. When a fault is detected by a module, such as missed agent heartbeat signals from another module, the module applies agent rules to determine if and how the fault should be reported. The agent module reports the fault to the master module. The master module collects fault reports from the agent modules, applies a set of master rules to the agent fault reports, and generates a master failure report. The master module also initiates an appropriate network recovery action based upon the failure report generated. The master module periodically transmits a master heartbeat signal on the token bus which is received by the agent modules. The agent modules decode the master heartbeat signal to ensure that a master module is always present on the token bus.

Claims

1. In a local area network having (i) a token bus formed of redundant cables and (ii) a plurality of modules connected to the token bus, a method of detecting and recovering from faults comprising the steps of:

with each module, periodically transmitting heartbeat signals on each redundant cable of the token bus at a predetermined periodic rate;

with each module, monitoring the periodic heartbeat signals on each redundant cable of the token bus, each module being adapted to receive on each of said cables every periodic heartbeat signal from other modules connected to the token bus;

indicating a fault when the heartbeat signals fail to be received at the predetermined periodic rate; and

initiating a fault recovery action.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the local area network is a token passing local area network.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of selecting a master module from among the modules and wherein the step of indicating a fault comprises each module reporting errors to the master module.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

nominating a module to serve as a master module, all of the modules being agent modules; and

with the master module, transmitting master heartbeat signals to the agent modules at a predetermined periodic rate.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating a network trunk cable fault.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating a module drop cable fault.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating a network trunk cable discontinuity.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating a module drop cable discontinuity.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating excessive cable noise.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating a failure of a token bus transmitter in a module.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault includes indicating a failure of a token bus receiver in a module.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one module interfaces the local area network to a subsystem, said subsystem comprising (i) a node bus and (ii) a plurality of devices connected to the node bus, said devices communicating with each other and the at least one module via the node bus.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of indicating a fault comprises:

nominating a module to serve as a master module, all of the modules being agent modules, said agent modules reporting errors to the master module when the heartbeat signals fail to be received at the predetermined periodic rate; and

with the master module, determining when a network fault exists based on errors reported by the agent modules.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of transmitting with the master module master heartbeat signals to the agent modules at a predetermined periodic rate.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the nominating step comprises:

assigning to each module a unique identifying character having an ordered priority value; and

selecting the module with the identifying character having the highest priority value to be the master module;

selecting the module with the character having highest priority value identifying to be the master module.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the agent modules report errors to the master module according to a set of agent rules.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of the master module determining existence of a network fault further comprises the master module applying a set of the master rules to error reports from the agent modules to determine that a fault exists.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of the master module determining existence of a network fault further comprises the master module applying a set of master rules to error reports from the agent modules to determine that a fault exists.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of initiating a fault recovery action comprises commanding with the master module at least one agent module to take at least one corrective action.

20. The method of claim 13 wherein at least one module interfaces the local area network to a subsystem, said subsystem comprising (i) a node bus and (ii) a plurality of devices connected to the node bus, said devices communicating with each other and the at least one module via the node bus.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein:

one of the devices on each node bus is a master device for receiving error reports from the other devices on the node bus; and

the step of indicating a fault further comprises determining if a fault exists on the node bus and reporting node bus faults to the master module on the token bus.

22. In a local area network having (i) a token bus formed of redundant cables and (ii) a plurality of modules connected to the token bus, a method of detecting and recovering from faults comprising the steps of:

nominating one of the modules to serve as a master module, all of the modules being agent modules;

with each agent module, transmitting heartbeat signals on each redundant cable of the token bus at a predetermined periodic rate;

with each agent module, monitoring the periodic heartbeat signals on each of said redundant cables, each agent module being adapted to receive on each of said cables every periodic heartbeat signal from all other agent modules connected to the token bus;

with each agent module, determining when errors occur based on the monitored heartbeat signals;

with each agent module, transmitting an error message to the master module when an error occurs;

with the master module, monitoring the error messages received from the agent modules;

with the master module, determining if a network fault exists based on the monitored error messages; and

when a network fault is determined to exist, initiating a fault recovery action.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:

with the agent modules, applying a set of agent rules to the monitored heartbeat signals to determine if an error exists; and

with the master module, applying a set of master rules to the error messages to determine if a network fault exists.

24. A local area network with fault detection and recovery comprising:

a plurality of modules;

a token bus having redundant cables connecting the modules;

in each module, at least one transmitter periodically transmitting heartbeat signals on each redundant cable of the token bus at a predetermined periodic rate;

in each module, at least one receiver adapted to receive every heartbeat signal on each said cable from all other modules; and

in each module, means for monitoring the periodic heartbeat signals on each said cable, said means for monitoring including means for indicating a fault when the heartbeat signals fail to be received at the predetermined periodic rate.

25. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the local area network is a token passing local area network.

26. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the modules report errors to a module serving as a master module, said master module having been nominated from among the modules.

27. The local area network of claim 24 wherein a module nominated from among the modules to serve as a master module transmits master heartbeat signals to the modules at a predetermined periodic rate.

28. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating includes modules which report errors to a master module, said master module being nominated from among the modules.

29. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates network trunk cable faults.

30. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates module drop cable faults.

31. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates network trunk cable discontinuities.

32. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates module drop cable discontinuities.

33. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates excessive cable noise.

34. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates failures of token bus module transmitters.

35. The local area network of claim 24 wherein the means for indicating a fault indicates failures of token bus module receivers.

36. The local area network of claim 24 wherein at least one module interfaces the local area network to a subsystem, said subsystem comprising (i) a node bus and (ii) a plurality of devices connected to the node bus, said devices communicating with each other and the at least one module via the node bus.

37. The local area network of claim 24 wherein all of the modules are agent modules and one of the modules is nominated to serve as a master module, said agent modules being adapted to report errors to the master module when an agent module fails to receive heartbeat signals at the predetermined periodic rate, and said master module being adapted to determine when a fault exists based on the errors reported by the agent modules.

38. The local area network of claim 37 wherein each module is assigned a unique identifying character having an ordered priority value and the nominated master module is the module having the identifying character of highest priority value.

39. The local area network of claim 37 wherein the agent modules report errors to the master module according to a set of agent rules.

40. The local area network of claim 39 wherein the master module applies a set of master rules to error reports from the agent modules to determine that a fault exists.

41. The local area network of claim 37 wherein the master module applies a set of master rules to error reports from agent modules to determine that a fault exists.

42. The local area network of claim 37 wherein the master module commands at least one agent module to perform at least one corrective action to recover from the fault.

43. The local area network of claim 37 wherein at least one module interfaces the local area network to a corresponding subsystem, said subsystem comprising a plurality of devices communicating with each other and the at least one module via a node bus.

44. The local area network of claim 43 wherein one of the devices on the node bus is a master device for receiving error reports from the other devices on the node bus, said master device determining if a fault exists on the node bus, and reporting node bus faults to the at least one module.

45. A token passing local area network with fault detection and recovery comprising:

a master module on the network;

at least one agent module on the network;

a token bus with redundant cables for providing communication among the modules, said token bus interconnecting each agent module and the master module such that each module communicates with all other modules;

in each module, at least one transmitter transmitting heartbeat signals on each redundant cable of the token bus at a predetermined periodic rate;

in each module, at least one receiver being adapted to receive every heartbeat signal from the other modules on each redundant cable;

in each module, means for monitoring the periodic heartbeat signals on each redundant cable;

in each module, means for determining when an error occurs based on the monitored heartbeat signals;

means for reporting an error to the master module when an error occurs; and

in the master module, means for monitoring errors reported by modules and for determining when a network fault exists based on the monitored error reports; and

means for initiating a fault recovery action.