Indoor air quality sensor and method

• US 5,394,934 A
• Filed: 04/15/1994
• Issued: 03/07/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Mine Safety Appliances Co LLC (MSA Safety, Inc.), MSA Technology, LLC (MSA Safety, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: American Standard Inc. (Trane Technologies plc)
• Inventors: Bachmann, Philipp A., Bogli, Urs F., Olson, John C., Rein, Alan D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tapolcai, William E.
• Application Number:
  US08/228,235
• Time in Patent Office: 326 Days
• Field of Search: 165/16, 236/49.3, 454/256, 454/258, 73/23.21, 73/31.02, 73/31.03, 73/1 G
• US Class Current: 165/200
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/63 Electronic processing
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/50 Air quality properties
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/70 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 30/70 Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Abstract

An indoor air quality sensor designed to be utilized in a zone of a building to control the ventilation of the zone and the method of effecting such control. The sensor comprises a first sensor for sensing a selected leading indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof and at least one additional sensor for sensing at least one selected secondary indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof. A processor, utilized for generating an output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone, receives the output signals from the first sensor and the least one additional sensor and generates the output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone by influencing the output of the first sensor by an amount that is a function of the output signal of the least one additional sensor.

Claims

1. An indoor air quality sensor designed to be utilized in a zone of a building to control the ventilation of the zone, comprising:

a primary sensor means for sensing a selected leading indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof;

at least a first additional sensor means for sensing at least a first selected secondary indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof; and

processor means for generating an output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone, receiving the output signals from the primary sensor means and the first additional sensor means and generating the output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone by influencing the output of the primary sensor means by an amount that is a function of the output signal of the first additional sensor means.

2. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the primary sensor means is a carbon dioxide sensor.

3. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 2 wherein the first additional sensor means is at least one sensor selected from the group comprising a volatile organic compound sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a temperature sensor, an ammonia sensor, an ethylene sensor and a relative humidity sensor.

4. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 3 further including a second additional sensor means for sensing a second selected secondary indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof to the processor means, the processor means modifying the output signal as a function of the signal from the second sensor means.

5. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 4 wherein the first and second additional sensors sense distinct contaminants and cumulatively influence the output of the primary sensor.

6. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 4 wherein the output signals of the first and second additional sensors are compared and the larger signal is selected to influence the output of the primary sensor.

7. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 4 wherein the second additional sensor is physically removed from the first additional sensor.

8. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the processor means further includes fuzzy logic means for generating said output signal.

9. A method of sensing indoor air quality in a zone of a building in order to control the ventilation of the zone, comprising the steps of:

sensing a selected leading indicator of contamination in the zone and providing a first output signal representative thereof;

sensing at least one selected secondary indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof; and

generating an output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone by influencing the first output signal by an amount that is a function of the output signal of the least one additional sensor means.

10. The method of sensing indoor air quality in a zone of a building as claimed in claim 9 wherein the leading indicator is specific and quantifiable and the secondary indicator is modified to the context of the leading indicator.

11. The method of sensing indoor air quality in a zone of a building as claimed in claim 10 wherein the leading indicator of contamination in the zone is the concentration of carbon dioxide therein.

12. The method of sensing indoor air quality in a zone of a building as claimed in claim 9 wherein the amount that the leading indicator of contamination is influenced is derived by applying fuzzy logic to the output signal of the primary indicator and the selected secondary indicator or indicators to generate a nondimensional modifier that is added to the first output signal yielding a dimensionless value.

13. The method of sensing indoor air quality in a zone of a building as claimed in claim 12 wherein the dimensionless value provides a measure of carbon dioxide equivalence.

14. An indoor air quality sensor designed to be utilized in a zone of a building to control the ventilation of the zone, comprising:

carbon dioxide sensor means for sensing the carbon dioxide concentration level in the zone, the carbon dioxide concentration level being a selected leading indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof;

volatile organic compound sensor means for sensing at least one volatile organic compound in the zone, the sensed volatile organic compound being a selected secondary indicator of contamination in the zone and providing an output signal representative thereof; and

processor means for generating an output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone, receiving the output signals from the carbon dioxide sensor means and the volatile organic compound sensor means and generating the output signal representative of the indoor air quality in the zone by influencing the output of the carbon dioxide sensor by an amount that is a function of the output signal of the volatile organic compound sensor means.

15. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 14 wherein the carbon dioxide sensor means comprises a photo acoustic device.

16. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 14 wherein the carbon dioxide sensor means comprises:

light source means for generating a source of light energy; and

cell means for measuring the carbon dioxide particle concentration in the zone, having structure defining a chamber, the chamber defined in part by a membrane allowing for entry of air from the zone into the chamber, a filter directly opposite the infrared light source means to allow the necessary light energy that has been generated by the infrared light source means to enter the chamber, a sensitive microphone to measure the carbon dioxide particle concentration in the air from the zone and a means of pulsing or modulating the right source.

17. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 16 wherein the light source is an infrared light source.

18. An indoor air quality sensor as claimed in claim 16 wherein the light source is a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) light source.

19. A control system designed to control the fresh air input to a ventilated zone having sensing means for sensing a principal contaminant and at least one auxiliary contaminant in the zone and generating signals related to the levels of concentration of such contaminants, and microprocessor means for generating an output signal representative of the air quality in the zone, communicatively coupled to said sensing means and receiving the signals related to the levels of concentration of such contaminants therefrom, and correcting the signal related to the principal contaminant with the signal representative of at least one auxiliary contaminant, the corrected signal being related to the air quality in the zone and utilized to control the fresh air input to the ventilated zone.

20. A control system as claimed in claim 19 wherein the sensing means for sensing a principal contaminant is a carbon dioxide sensor.

21. A control system as claimed in claim 19 wherein the sensing means for sensing the at least one auxiliary contaminant senses an oxidizable component of the air in the zone.

22. A method of controlling the fresh air input to a ventilated zone comprising the steps of:

sensing a principal contaminant in the air of the zone and generating a signal related to the levels of concentration of such principal contaminant;

sensing at least one auxiliary contaminant in the zone and generating a signal related to the level of concentration of such auxiliary contaminant;

generating an output signal representative of the air quality in the zone by correcting the signal related to the principal contaminant with the signal representative of at least one auxiliary contaminant, the corrected signal being related to the air quality in the zone and utilized to control the fresh air input to the ventilated zone.

23. A method of control as claimed in claim 22 wherein the principal contaminant in the air of the zone is carbon dioxide.

24. A method of control as claimed in claim 22 wherein the auxiliary contaminant in the zone is an oxidizable component of the air in the zone.

25. A method of determining indoor air quality comprising the steps of:

measuring indoor air for the presence of a first specific contaminant;

measuring indoor air for the presence of a second contaminant;

applying a compensation signal to the first measurement where the compensation signal is a function of the second measurement; and

generating and disseminating an indoor air quality output signal representative of the compensated signal.

26. The method of claim 25 including the further step of controlling an HVAC system in response to the disseminated indoor air quality signal.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the first contaminant sensor is a carbon dioxide sensor and the second contaminant sensor is selected from the group of a volatile organic compounds sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke sensor or a cleaning agent sensor.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the compensation step includes the use of a look up table.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein the compensation signal is determined using fuzzy logic.

30. The method of claim 29 wherein the first measured signal determines the presence of CO₂, the second measured signal determines the presence of volatile organic compounds, and wherein the membership function is determined by the CO₂ and volatile organic compound levels.