Apparatus for rapid and specific detection of organic vapors

• US 5,395,589 A
• Filed: 04/07/1994
• Issued: 03/07/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/06/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Scintrex Ltd. (LaCoste & Romberg Scintrex, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Scintrex Ltd. (LaCoste & Romberg Scintrex, Inc.)
• Inventors: Nacson, Sabatino
• Primary Examiner(s): Housel, James C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ludlow, Jan M.
• Application Number:
  US08/224,143
• Time in Patent Office: 334 Days
• Field of Search: 422/52, 422/83, 422/88, 422/90, 422/98, 436/106, 436/116-118, 436/155, 436/149, 436/172, 73/35, 73/23.2, 73/31.01, 55/270, 55/274, 96/154, 96/146, 96/111, 95/47, 95/50, 95/148, 423/DIG. 39
• US Class Current: 422/88
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8863 Fullerenes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/00 Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation G01N3/00, G01N5/00, G01N7/00, G01N9/00, G01N11/00, G01N13/00, G01N15/00, G01N17/00, G01N19/00, G01N21/00, G01N22/00, G01N23/00, G01N24/00, G01N25/00, G01N27/00, G01N29/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 423/39 Fullerene, e.g. c60, c70 derivative and related process
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/17 Nitrogen containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/179228 Both nitrogen oxide and dioxide

Abstract

Apparatus for preconcentrating trace amounts of organic vapors in a sample of air for subsequent detection, comprising a metallic substrate; a thin film of fullerenes deposited on the metallic substrate for adsorbing the organic vapors on the thin film of fullerenes, thereby preconcentrating the organic vapors; and apparatus for heating the metallic substrate to a predetermined optimum temperature for desorbing the vapors from the thin film of fullerenes to form desorbed organic vapors for subsequent detection.

Claims

1. A system for detecting trace amounts of organic vapours in a sample of air, comprising:

a ) a preconcentrator-desorber for preconcentrating and desorbing said trace amounts of organic vapours from said sample of air, said preconcentrator-desorber including a metallic substrate, a film of fullerenes deposited on said metallic substrate for adsorbing said organic vapours on said film of fullerenes, thereby preconcentrating said organic vapours, and means for heating said metallic substrate to a predetermined temperature for desorbing said vapours from said film of fullerenes to form desorbed organic vapours for subsequent detection;

c) a first pump and a second pump, each for drawing air into said system;

d) a source of carrier gas;

e) a valve having a first input connected to said preconcentrator-desorber, a second input connected to said source of carrier gas, a first output connected to said first pump and a second output connected to said second pump, for selectively (i) directing said sample of air through said preconcentrator-desorber to form said preconcentrated and then desorbed organic vapours, and (ii) directing a combination of said carrier gas and said desorbed organic vapours along a path of flow created by said second pump; and

f) a detector in said path of flow created by said second pump for detecting said trace amounts of said organic vapours contained in said combination of said carrier gas and said desorbed organic vapours.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said predetermined optimum temperature is selected so as to both desorb and decompose said organic vapours to produce decomposition product vapours, and wherein said detector effects said detecting of said trace amounts of said organic vapours by detecting one or more of said decomposition product vapours for providing an indication of the presence of said organic vapours.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein said predetermined temperature is in the range of 300°

-400°

C. for detecting one or both of NO₂ and NO as said decomposition product vapours.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said detector is a chemiluminescent detector for detecting one or both of NO₂ and NO.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein said detector is a electrochemical detector for detecting one or both of NO₂ and NO.

6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a membrane connected to said detector, said membrane being selectively permeable to one of either said organic vapours or a specific decomposition product vapour or vapours of said organic vapours to be detected, for enhancing the specificity of the detector.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said fullerenes are selected from the group consisting of C₆₀ to C₁₈₀ inclusive.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein said organic vapours include those of alkylnitrates and nitroaromatics.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said organic vapours include vapours arising from thermal vaporization of particulates, including alkylnitrates and narcotics.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein said metallic substrate is a nickel-chrome alloy.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein said metallic substrate is in the form of a double helical coiled wire.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein said metallic substrate is in the form of a flat ribbon.