Method for detecting two-dimensional flow for ultrasound color flow imaging

• US 5,398,216 A
• Filed: 08/30/1993
• Issued: 03/14/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Bernardi, Richard B., Hall, Anne L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lobo, Ian J.
• Application Number:
  US08/113,003
• Time in Patent Office: 561 Days
• Field of Search: 367/89, 367/90, 367/103, 128/661.08, 128/661.09, 128/661.10, 73/861.25
• US Class Current: 367/90
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/663 by measuring Doppler frequency shift
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 5/001 Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8913 using separate transducers for transmission and reception
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8918 the array being linear
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8984 Measuring the velocity vector

Abstract

A triangulation method and apparatus for measuring the velocity of a flowing material at a point of interest along two lines of sight which have different vector components. The flow velocity along two different image vectors is measured simultaneously by separately processing the signals from left and right reception apertures (14, 16). In one case, the positions of the reception apertures are held constant and conventional dynamic focussing on receive is used to steer the apertures to follow the transmitted energy as a function of range depth. In an alternative case, the transducers included in each reception aperture are dynamically reassigned in order to maintain a fixed triangulation angle. In this case a reception aperture shifts away from the transmission aperture (12) to track the received backscattered ultrasonic energy at a constant triangulation angle.

Claims

1. A method for determining the velocity of a flowing material using an array of ultrasonic transducers, comprising the steps of:

(a) activating each of a first plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array to transmit an ultrasonic beam of a predetermined frequency, said first plurality of ultrasonic transducers forming a transmission aperture, each transducer of said transmission aperture being activated at times such that said transmitted ultrasonic beam is directed along a first vector from a center of said transmission aperture through a first point of interest located at a first range and a second point of interest located at a second range;

(b) steering and focussing a second plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array forming a first reception aperture to detect a first backscattered ultrasonic beam directed along a first line of sight from said first point of interest to a center of said first reception aperture, said first backscattered ultrasonic beam being formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said first point of interest;

(c) steering and focussing a third plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array forming a second reception aperture to detect a second backscattered ultrasonic beam directed along a second line of sight from said first point of interest to a center of said second reception aperture, said second backscattered ultrasonic beam being formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said first point of interest;

(d) steering and focussing said second plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said first reception aperture to detect a third backscattered ultrasonic beam directed along a third line of sight from said second point of interest to said center of said first reception aperture, said third backscattered ultrasonic beam being formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said second point of interest;

(e) steering and focussing said third plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said second reception aperture to detect a fourth backscattered ultrasonic beam directed along a fourth line of sight from said second point of interest to said center of said second reception aperture, said fourth backscattered ultrasonic beam being formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said second point of interest; and

(f) determining first through fourth Doppler shifts in the frequencies of said first through fourth backscattered ultrasonic beams, respectively.

2. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

determining the true velocity of said flowing material at said first point of interest as a function of said first and second Doppler shifts; and

determining the true velocity of said flowing material at said second point of interest as a function of said third and fourth Doppler shifts.

3. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein said array of ultrasonic transducers is linear.

4. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of said ultrasonic transducers is common to said transmission aperture and said first reception aperture for scanning along said first vector.

5. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmission aperture and said first and second reception apertures are shifted in unison relative to said array for each vector extending from said center of said shifted transmission aperture in parallel with said first vector, said apertures being maintained in a predetermined geometric relationship during said shifting, said sequence of steps (a) through (f) being performed successively for each vector.

6. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmission aperture and said first and second reception apertures are held fixed relative to said linear array during scanning along said first vector, the ultrasonic transducers of said first and second reception apertures being dynamically steered for each change in the range of the point of interest along said first vector.

7. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmission aperture is held fixed and said first reception aperture is shifted relative to said transmission aperture such that said first line of sight is parallel to said third line of sight.

8. The method as defined in claim 7, wherein said second reception aperture is shifted relative to said transmission aperture such that said second line of sight is parallel to said fourth line of sight, said first and second reception apertures being shifted in opposite directions.

9. A method for determining the velocity of a flowing material at a plurality of points located at different ranges along a first vector using a linear array of ultrasonic transducers, comprising the steps of:

(a) activating each of a first plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array to transmit an ultrasonic beam of a predetermined frequency, said first plurality of ultrasonic transducers forming a transmission aperture, each transducer of said transmission aperture being activated at times such that said transmitted ultrasonic beam is directed along said first vector from a center of said transmission aperture through each of said plurality of points;

(b) steering and focussing a second plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array forming a first reception aperture to detect respective backscattered ultrasonic beams directed along respective lines of sight from respective ones of said plurality of points to a center of said first reception aperture, said backscattered ultrasonic beams being respectively formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said respective points along said first vector;

(c) steering and focussing a third plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array forming a second reception aperture to detect respective backscattered ultrasonic beams directed along respective lines of sight from respective ones of said plurality of points to a center of said second reception aperture, said backscattered ultrasonic beams being respectively formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said respective points along said first vector;

(d) for each of said points, determining a first Doppler shift in the frequency of the backscattered ultrasonic beam backscattered from each respective point to said first reception aperture; and

(e) for each of said points, determining a second Doppler shift in the frequency of the backscattered ultrasonic beam backscattered from each respective point to said second reception aperture.

10. The method as defined in claim 9, further comprising the step of determining the true velocity of said flowing material at each of said plurality of points as a function of said respective first and second Doppler shifts.

11. The method as defined in claim 9, wherein at least one of said ultrasonic transducers is common to said transmission aperture and said first reception aperture for scanning along said first vector.

12. The method as defined in claim 9, wherein said transmission aperture and said first and second reception apertures are shifted in unison relative to said array for each vector extending from said center of said shifted transmission aperture in parallel with said first vector, said apertures being maintained in a predetermined geometric relationship during said shifting, said sequence of steps (a) through (e) being performed successively for each vector.

13. The method as defined in claim 9, wherein said transmission aperture and said first and second reception apertures are held fixed relative to said linear array during scanning along said first vector, the ultrasonic transducers of said first and second reception apertures being dynamically steered for each change in the range of the point of interest along said first vector.

14. The method as defined in claim 9, wherein said transmission aperture is held fixed and said first reception aperture is shifted relative to said transmission aperture such that all lines of sight from points along a vector to said center of said first reception aperture are mutually parallel.

15. The method as defined in claim 14, wherein said second reception aperture is shifted relative to said transmission aperture such that all lines of sight from points along said vector to said center of said second reception aperture are mutually parallel, said first and second reception apertures being shifted in opposite directions.

16. An ultrasound color flow imaging system for determining the velocity of a flowing material at a plurality of points of interest along a vector, comprising:

(a) an array of ultrasonic transducers;

(b) means for activating each of a first plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array to transmit an ultrasonic beam of a predetermined frequency, said first plurality of ultrasonic transducers forming a transmission aperture, each transducer of said transmission aperture being activated at times such that said transmitted ultrasonic beam is directed along said first vector from a center of said transmission aperture through each of said plurality of points;

(c) means for steering and focussing a second plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array forming a first reception aperture to detect respective backscattered ultrasonic beams directed along respective lines of sight from respective ones of said plurality of points to a center of said first reception aperture, said backscattered ultrasonic beams being respectively formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said respective points along said first vector;

(d) means for steering and focussing a third plurality of ultrasonic transducers of said array forming a second reception aperture to detect respective backscattered ultrasonic beams directed along respective lines of sight from respective ones of said plurality of points to a center of said second reception aperture, said backscattered ultrasonic beams being respectively formed when said transmitted ultrasonic beam arrives at said respective points along said first vector;

(e) means for determining a first Doppler shift in the frequency of the backscattered ultrasonic beam backscattered from each respective point to said first reception aperture and a second Doppler shift in the frequency of the backscattered ultrasonic beam backscattered from each respective point to said second reception aperture.

17. The system as defined in claim 16, further comprising means for determining the true velocity of said flowing material at each of said points of interest as a function of a respective set of said first and second Doppler shifts.

18. The system as defined in claim 16, wherein said array of ultrasonic transducers is linear.

19. The system as defined in claim 16, wherein at least one of said ultrasonic transducers is common to said transmission aperture and said first reception aperture for scanning along said vector.

20. The system as defined in claim 16, wherein said transmission aperture and said first and second reception apertures are shifted in unison relative to said array for each vector extending from said center of said shifted transmission aperture in parallel with said vector, said apertures being maintained in a predetermined geometric relationship during said shifting.

21. The system as defined in claim 16, wherein said transmission aperture and said first and second reception apertures are held fixed relative to said array during scanning along said vector, the ultrasonic transducers of said first and second reception apertures being dynamically steered for each change in the range of the point of interest.

22. The system as defined in claim 16, wherein said transmission aperture is held fixed and said first reception aperture is shifted relative to said transmission aperture such that all lines of sight from points along said vector to said center of said first reception aperture are mutually parallel.

23. The system as defined in claim 16, wherein said second reception aperture is shifted relative to said transmission aperture such that all lines of sight from points along said vector to said center of said second reception aperture are mutually parallel, said first and second reception apertures being shifted in opposite directions.