Method and system for generating variably scaled digital images

• US 5,400,051 A
• Filed: 11/12/1992
• Issued: 03/21/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/12/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Krueger, Leroy A. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Oberley, Alvin E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WU, XIAO MIN
• Application Number:
  US07/975,293
• Time in Patent Office: 859 Days
• Field of Search: 340/731, 340/728, 340/721, 340/723, 340/799, 382/47, 382/41, 358/451, 345/127, 345/128, 345/129, 345/130, 345/131, 345/147, 345/149
• US Class Current: 345/667
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/047 Fisheye or wide-angle transformations
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/40 Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/3935 with modification of image resolution, i.e. determining the values of picture elements at new relative positions
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/2628 Alteration of picture size, shape, position or orientation, e.g. zooming, rotation, rolling, perspective, translation

Abstract

A system and method for generating a variably scaled digital image. A second digital image containing a second plurality of pels is generated from first digital image containing a first plurality of pels. The first digital image may be stored in an image buffer. Each of the first plurality of pels is input serially into a process whereby a first and a second scaling factor are applied to the luminance values associated with a pel. A determination is made as to whether or not the scaled luminance values overflow vertically and horizontally into surrounding pels in the second plurality of pels. If the scaled luminance values overflow vertically, the overflow is stored in a line buffer to be added to future scaled luminance values. If the scaled luminance values overflow horizontally, the overflow is accumulated in an accumulator to be added to future scaled luminance values. Once a pel in the second plurality of pels is completely filled with luminance values, the pel is output to a buffer and is ready to be displayed.

Claims

1. A method for generating a second digital image from a first digital image in a graphics display system, wherein said first digital image is comprised of a first plurality of pels, and wherein each pel of said first plurality of pels has a value associated therewith which represents the luminance of such pel, said method comprising the steps of:

determining a first and a second scaling factor;

receiving the luminance values for the first plurality of pels at a rate of one pel at a time;

applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in a first direction only at said rate of one pel at a time;

thereafter applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in a second direction only at said rate of one pel at a time;

accumulating the scaled luminance values for the first plurality of pels at said rate of one pel at a time to generate luminance values for a second plurality of pels; and

generating the second digital image from the second plurality of pels.

2. The method for generating the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 1, further comprising the step of storing the first digital image in an image buffer before determining the first and second scaling factors.

3. The method for generating the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 1, further comprising the step of displaying the second digital image on a display device.

4. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 1, wherein said step of applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in the first direction only comprises applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels vertically.

5. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 4, wherein said step of applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels vertically comprises multiplying the first plurality of pels vertically by at least one variable and dividing by a power of 2.

6. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 1, wherein said step of applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in the second direction only comprises applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for the first plurality of pels horizontally.

7. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 6, wherein said step of applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels horizontally comprises multiplying the first plurality of pels horizontally by at least one variable and dividing by a power of 2.

8. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 1, wherein said step of accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels comprises accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels in a line buffer after applying the first scaling factor.

9. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 8, wherein said step of accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels further comprises accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels in an accumulator after applying the second scaling factor.

10. The method for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 9, wherein said step of accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels further comprises the steps of:

determining whether or not a pel in the in the second plurality of pels is filled vertically with scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels;

determining whether or not scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels overflow vertically into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels;

storing the scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels which overflow vertically into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels in the line buffer;

determining whether or not a pel in the second plurality of pels is filled horizontally with scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels;

determining whether or not scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels overflow horizontally into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels;

storing the scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels which overflow horizontally into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels in the accumulator; and

outputting at least one completely filled pel in the second plurality of pels.

11. A graphics display system for generating a second digital image from a first digital image, wherein said first digital image is comprised of a first plurality of pels, and wherein each pel of said first plurality of pels has a value associated therewith which represents the luminance of such pel, said graphics display system comprises:

means for determining a first and a second scaling factor;

means for receiving the luminance values for the first plurality of pels at a rate of one pel at a time;

means for applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in a first direction only at said rate of one pel at a time;

means for thereafter applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in a second direction only at said rate of one pel at a time;

means for accumulating the scaled luminance values for the first plurality of pels at said rate of one pel at a time to generate luminance values for a second plurality of pels;

.and

means for generating the second digital image from the second plurality of pels.

12. The graphics display system for generating the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 11, further comprising means for storing the first digital image in an image buffer before determining the first and second scaling factors.

13. The graphics display system for generating the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 11, further comprising means for displaying the second digital image.

14. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 11, wherein said means for applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in the first direction only comprises means for applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels vertically.

15. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 14, wherein said means for applying the first scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels vertically comprises means for multiplying the first plurality of pels vertically by at least one variable and dividing by a power of 2.

16. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 11, wherein said means for applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels in the second direction only comprises means for applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for the first plurality of pels horizontally.

17. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 16, wherein said means for applying the second scaling factor to the luminance values for all of the first plurality of pels horizontally comprises means for multiplying the first plurality of pels horizontally by at least one variable and dividing by a power of 2.

18. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 11, wherein said means for accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels comprises means for accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels in a line buffer after applying the first scaling factor.

19. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 18, wherein said means for accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels further comprises means for accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels in an accumulator after applying the second scaling factor.

20. The graphics display system for scaling the first digital image to the second digital image of claim 19, wherein said means for accumulating the scaled values for the first plurality of pels comprises the steps of:

means for determining whether or not a pel in the second plurality of pels is filled vertically with scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels;

means for determining whether or not scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels overflow vertically into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels;

means for storing the scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels which overflow vertically into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels in the line buffer;

means for determining whether or not a pel in the second plurality of pels is filled horizontally with scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels;

means for determining whether or not scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels overflow horizontally into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels;

means for storing the scaled luminance values from the first plurality of pels which overflow horizontally into more than one pel in the second plurality of pels in the accumulator; and

means for outputting at least one completely filled pel in the second plurality of pels.