Stable biologically active fluorochemical emulsions
First Claim
1. A method to bind a first member of a two member specific binding pair contained in an aqueous solution to a second member of the Specific binding pair which is immobilized on an accessible surface of a liquid fluorochemical droplet comprising the steps ofi) forming a stable fluorochemical emulsion having an aqueous phase and a discontinuous liquid fluorochemical phase by mixing a perfluorinated liquid and a fluorinated surfactant in a buffered aqueous solution containing a water-soluble nonionic or amphoteric surfactant to give a liquid fluorochemical droplet, wherein the fluorochemical droplet consists essentially of a perfluorinated liquid and 0.01-5.0 wt. % of a fluorinated surfactant and wherein the fluorochemical droplet is substantially stable to centrifugation at 30,000×
- g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, and perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
ii) contacting the liquid fluorochemical droplet with the second member of the specific binding pair, wherein the second member of the specific binding pair is immobilized on the liquid fluorochemical droplet at the continuous-discontinuous interface without a significant loss of activity to give an activated fluorochemical droplet;
iii) contacting the activated fluorochemical droplet with an aqueous solution containing the first member of the specific binding pair; and
iv) binding the first member to the second member of the specific binding pair on the fluorochemical droplet.
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Abstract
Fluorochemical emulsions comprised of a fluorochemical droplet discontinuous phase and aqueous continuous phase with at least one specific binding species immobilized on the fluorochemical droplets are shown. The emulsions may include a primer material to couple to specific binding species to the fluorochemical droplets. The emulsions may be used in diagnostic procedures or biochemical reactors where binding of the immobilized specific binding species to its binding partner is desired. The droplets may also incorporate a species which is detectable by spectrophotometric, fluorometric or colormetric means or a precursor to a detectable species.
44 Citations
23 Claims
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1. A method to bind a first member of a two member specific binding pair contained in an aqueous solution to a second member of the Specific binding pair which is immobilized on an accessible surface of a liquid fluorochemical droplet comprising the steps of
i) forming a stable fluorochemical emulsion having an aqueous phase and a discontinuous liquid fluorochemical phase by mixing a perfluorinated liquid and a fluorinated surfactant in a buffered aqueous solution containing a water-soluble nonionic or amphoteric surfactant to give a liquid fluorochemical droplet, wherein the fluorochemical droplet consists essentially of a perfluorinated liquid and 0.01-5.0 wt. % of a fluorinated surfactant and wherein the fluorochemical droplet is substantially stable to centrifugation at 30,000× - g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, and perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
ii) contacting the liquid fluorochemical droplet with the second member of the specific binding pair, wherein the second member of the specific binding pair is immobilized on the liquid fluorochemical droplet at the continuous-discontinuous interface without a significant loss of activity to give an activated fluorochemical droplet; iii) contacting the activated fluorochemical droplet with an aqueous solution containing the first member of the specific binding pair; and iv) binding the first member to the second member of the specific binding pair on the fluorochemical droplet. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 17, 18)
- g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, and perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
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6. A method to bind a first member of a two member specific binding pair contained in an aqueous solution to a second member of the specific binding pair which is immobilized on an accessible surface of a liquid fluorochemical droplet comprising the steps of
i) forming a stable fluorochemical emulsion having an aqueous phase and a discontinuous liquid fluorochemical phase by mixing a perfluorinated liquid and a fluorinated surfactant in a buffered aqueous solution containing a water-soluble nonionic or amphoteric surfactant to give a liquid fluorochemical droplet, wherein the fluorochemical droplet consists essentially of a perfluorinated liquid and 0.01-5.0 wt. % of a fluorinated surfactant and wherein the fluorochemical droplet is substantially stable to centrifugation at 30,000× - g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group, consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
ii) contacting the liquid fluorochemical droplet with a primer material selected from the group consisting of proteins, sera, fibrinogen, collagen, polylysine-phenylalanine and polylysine to give a primed liquid fluorochemical droplet; iii) contacting the primed liquid fluorochemical droplet with a second member of a specific binding pair, wherein the second member of the specific binding pair is immobilized on the primed liquid fluorochemical droplet at the continuous-discontinuous interface without a significant loss of activity to give an activated fluorochemical droplet, iv) contacting the activated fluorochemical droplet with an aqueous solution containing the first member of the specific binding pair; and v) binding the first member to the second member of the specific binding pair on the fluorochemical droplet. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 23)
- g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group, consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
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12. A method to bind a first member of a two member specific binding pair contained in an aqueous solution to a second member of the specific binding pair which is immobilized on an accessible surface of a liquid fluorochemical droplet comprising the steps of
i) forming a stable fluorochemical emulsion having an aqueous phase and a discontinuous fluorochemical phase by mixing a perfluorinated liquid and a fluorinated surfactant in a buffered aqueous solution containing a water-soluble nonionic or amphoteric surfactant to give a liquid fluorochemical droplet, wherein the fluorochemical droplet consists essentially of a perfluorinated liquid and 0.01-5.0 wt. % of a fluorinated surfactant and wherein the fluorochemical droplet is substantially stable to centrifugation at 30,000× - g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, and perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
ii) contacting the liquid fluorochemical droplet with a primer material selected from the group consisting of proteins, sera, fibrinogen, collagen, polylysine-phenylalanine and polylysine to give a primed liquid fluorochemical droplet; iii) contacting the primed liquid fluorochemical droplet with a dye selected from the group consisting of perfluoroalkyl phthalein dye, perfluoroalkyl phthalocyanine dye, perfluoroalkyl rhodamine dye, perfluoroalkyl quinothaline dye and perfluoroalkyl-beta-diketone lanthanide complexes, and with the second member of the specific binding pair, wherein the second member of the specific binding pair is immobilized on the primed fluorochemical droplet at the continuous-discontinuous interface to give an activated fluorochemical droplet; iv) contacting the activated fluorochemical droplet with an aqueous solution containing the first member of the specific binding pair; and v) binding the first member to the second member of the specific binding pair on the fluorochemical droplet. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22)
- g for fifteen minutes, wherein the perfluorinated liquid is selected from the group consisting of straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluorocarbons, straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoro-tertiary amines and straight chain, branched chain and cyclic perfluoroethers and wherein the fluorinated surfactant is selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated alkanoic acids, perfluorinated amidoamines, 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalcohols, and perfluoroether polymers with terminal ester functional groups;
Specification