Electrocardiographic baseline filtering and estimation system with bidirectional filter

• US 5,402,795 A
• Filed: 10/28/1993
• Issued: 04/04/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 10/14/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Del Mar Avionics, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Del Mar Avionics, Inc.
• Inventors: Reichl, Philip
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Application Number:
  US08/144,993
• Time in Patent Office: 523 Days
• Field of Search: 128/696
• US Class Current: 600/508
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/363 Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4884 inducing physiological or psychological stress, e.g. applications for stress testing
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 17/04 Recursive filters

Abstract

A system for filtering stochastic signals as embodied in stress test systems for measuring electrocardiographic (ECG) activity in response to exercise employs a bidirectional Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filtering process over a predetermined window on a digitized version of an ECG signal to eliminate noise up to the 0.67 Hz frequency range. To eliminate phase shifting distortion in the ECG signal, the IIR filter is applied in a first direction over a predetermined window of the ECG and then applied in a second direction opposite the first direction segment over the identical window. In this manner the phase shift distortion normally associated with IIR filters is completely eliminated and superior bandwidth (as compared to FIR filters) is obtained. The response is achieved fast enough to be used in real time purpose.

Claims

1. A method of estimating a baseline for electrocardiographic signals comprising the steps of:

acquiring a digitized version of at least one electrocardiographic signal;

storing a predetermined length;

segmenting said digital signals into a series of windows, each of said windows being of said predetermined length;

filtering each of said windows in a forward and a reverse direction by means of bidirectional infinite impulse response (IIR) filter;

storing a present length filtered variable that measures current length filtered in each direction of said bidirectional IIR filter;

comparing said present length with said predetermined length to identify window boundaries where filtering should stop; and

reconstructing each of said filtered window into a synthesized version of said original signal.

2. The method of claim 1 further including the step of

discarding a portion of each of said windows to eliminate ringing resulting from said filtering step.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of discarding further comprises selecting a first part of each of said windows to be further analyzed and a second part of each of said windows to be discarded.

4. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of employing means responsive to said comparing step for discarding that portion of said window identified by said portion for being discarded and analyzing that portion of said window not selected for being discarded.

5. The method defined by claim 1 wherein said step of acquiring consists of:

attaching at least one sensor device capable of detecting bioelectric signals from a human subject heartbeat and producing an electrical signal, therefrom; and

performing an analog to digital conversion upon said electrical signal so that it can be processed by a digital computer.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said filtering step employs as said IIR filter a five pole butterworth filter.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said filtering step employs as said IIR filter a three pole butterworth filter.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said windows is 3 seconds in total length and said portion discarded by said discarding step is a two second portion.

9. A method of estimating a baseline for electrocardiographic signals comprising the following steps:

acquiring a digitized version of at least one electrocardiographic signal;

segmenting said digitized version into a series of windows, each of said windows being of a predetermined length;

filtering each of said windows in a forward and a reverse direction by means of a bidirectional infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter;

storing a predetermined number indicative of a portion of said window to be analyzed; and

comparing each of said windows with said predetermined number to identify a portion of said window which is to be analyzed.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of employing means responsive to said comparing step for discarding that portion of said window not identified by said portion for being analyzed.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of analyzing that portion of said window not discarded.

12. The method of claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

generating said predetermined number indicative of the desired length of said window;

storing a present length filtered variable that measures current length filtered in each direction of said bidirectional IIR filter; and

comparing said present length filtered variable with said predetermined number to determine window boundaries in each direction of said bidirectional IIR filter.

13. A filter for estimating a baseline for electrocardiographic signals comprising:

acquisition means capable of acquiring a digital representations of an analog electrocardiographic signal;

computational means for analyzing said digital representation and dividing said digital representation into a series of individual windows, each of said windows having a predetermined length;

filter means contained within said computational means for implementing a zero phase, bidirectional Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filtering algorithm upon each of said series of windows in a first forward direction and in a second reverse direction opposite said first forward direction; and

comparison means for determining whether said filtering means has completed filtering in each of said first and said second directions in an amount equal to said predetermined length.

14. The invention defined by claim 13 further comprising selection means of determining a first part of each of said windows to be further analyzed and a second part of each of said windows to be discarded.

15. The invention defined by claim 14 wherein said selection means further comprises:

an analysis length indicative said first part of each of said windows to be analyzed;

storage means for retaining said analysis length number; and

second comparison means for comparing each window against said analysis length.

16. The invention defined by claim 15 further comprising means responsive to said second comparison means for retaining that part of each of said windows selected to be analyzed and discarding that part of each said windows not selected to be analyzed.

17. The invention defined by claim 16 wherein said filter is a Butterworth filter.

18. The invention defined by claim 16 wherein said window length is about 3 seconds long.

19. The invention defined by claim 16 wherein that part of said window to be discarded is approximately 2 seconds long.

20. The invention defined by claim 15 further comprising analysis means responsive for analyzing that part of each of said windows selected to be analyzed.