Circuit for driving two power mosfets in a half-bridge configuration

• US 5,408,150 A
• Filed: 03/22/1993
• Issued: 04/18/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Wilcox, Milton E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sikes, William L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Abraham, Fetsum
• Application Number:
  US08/035,423
• Time in Patent Office: 757 Days
• Field of Search: 307/254, 307/262, 307/571, 307/572, 307/584, 307/445
• US Class Current: 327/108
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/38 Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/538 in a push-pull configuration H02M7/5375 takes precedence ; with oscillating arrangements H02M7/53832, H02M7/53846
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/063 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/0822 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6871 the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor

Abstract

A driver circuit and method for alternately driving first and second power transistors is provided. The driver circuit includes shoot-through reduction circuitry for monitoring the gate-to-source voltages of the two power transistors so as to inhibit the turning-ON of each power transistor until the gate-to-source voltage of the other power transistor has fallen to a voltage level indicative of the other transistor being OFF. Additionally, the driver circuit includes a circuit to prevent transient signals from said power transistors from affecting the operation of the driver circuit.

Claims

1. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of the transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load, the circuit comprising:

a driver input adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON;

means for monitoring the first transistor to generate a first signal indicative of the first transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means for monitoring the second transistor to generate a second signal indicative of the second transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, and to the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second signal is also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present; and

means for preventing a capacitively-induced transient signal from one of the first and second transistors from affecting the turning ON of the other transistor,

whereby the drive to each of the first and second transistors is inhibited until the other transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second transistors are field effect transistors, each having a gate terminal as the control terminal, and an associated gate-to-source voltage.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the transient signal is a transient voltage signal induced on the gate of the one of said first and second transistors.

4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the preventing means is coupled between the gate of the one of said first and second transistors and its associated monitoring means.

5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the preventing means comprises an attenuator for attenuating the coupling of the transient voltage signal from the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to its associated monitoring means.

6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the preventing means couples the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to the source of the same transistor while the other transistor is being driven ON so as to attenuate the transient voltage signal.

7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the preventing means includes a transistor controlled by said means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors.

8. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the preventing means is coupled between the monitoring means of the one of said first and second transistors and the driving means.

9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the preventing means comprises a logic circuit for preventing a generated signal indicative of the one of said first and second transistors not being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF from coupling to the driving means while the other transistor is being driven ON.

10. The circuit of claim 4, wherein:

the first transistor monitoring means monitors the first transistor gate-to-source voltage to generate the first signal when the magnitude of the first transistor gate-to-source voltage is less than a first threshold voltage; and

the second transistor monitoring means monitors the second transistor gate-to-source voltage to generate the second signal when the magnitude of the second transistor gate-to-source voltage is less than a second threshold voltage.

11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the first transistor comprises a p-channel field effect transistor and the second transistor comprises a n-channel field effect transistor.

12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the first transistor monitoring means and the second transistor monitoring means are comparators.

13. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of the transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load, the circuit comprising:

a driver input adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON;

a first circuit coupled to the first transistor to monitor the first transistor and generate a first signal indicative of the first transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

a second circuit coupled to the second transistor to monitor the second transistor and generate a second signal indicative of the second transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

a third circuit coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, and to the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second signal is also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present; and

a fourth circuit for preventing a capacitively-induced transient signal from one of the first and second transistors from affecting the turning ON of the other transistor,

whereby the drive to each of the first and second transistors is inhibited until the other transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

14. The circuit of claim 13, wherein the first and second transistors are field effect transistors, each having a gate terminal as the control terminal, and an associated gate-to-source voltage.

15. The circuit of claim 14, wherein the transient signal is a transient voltage signal induced on the gate of the one of said first and second transistors.

16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the fourth circuit is coupled between the gate of the one of said first and second transistors and its associated monitoring circuit.

17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the fourth circuit comprises an attenuator for attenuating the coupling of the transient voltage signal from the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to its associated monitoring circuit.

18. The circuit of claim 17, wherein the fourth circuit couples the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to the source of the same transistor while the other transistor is being driven ON so as to attenuate the transient voltage signal.

19. The circuit of claim 18, wherein the fourth circuit includes a transistor controlled by said third circuit.

20. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the fourth circuit is coupled between the monitoring circuit of the one of said first and second transistors and the third circuit.

21. The circuit of claim 20, wherein the fourth circuit comprises a logic circuit for preventing a generated signal indicative of the one of said first and second transistors not being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF from coupling to the third circuit while the other transistor is being driven ON.

22. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of the transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load, the circuit adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON, the driver circuit comprising:

means for generating a first signal responsive to a determination that the first transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means for generating a second signal responsive to a determination that the second transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, and to the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second signal is also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present; and

means for preventing a capacitively-induced transient signal from one of the first and second transistors from affecting the turning ON of the other transistor,

whereby the drive to each of the first and second transistors is inhibited until the other transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

23. The circuit of claim 22, wherein the first and second transistors are field effect transistors, each having a gate terminal as the control terminal, and an associated gate-to-source voltage.

24. The circuit of claim 23, wherein the transient signal is a transient voltage signal induced on the gate of the one of said first and second transistors.

25. The circuit of claim 24, wherein the preventing means is coupled between the gate of the one of said first and second transistors and its associated generating means.

26. The circuit of claim 24, wherein the preventing means is coupled between the monitoring means of the one of said first and second transistors and the driving means.

27. The circuit of claim 26, wherein the preventing means comprises a logic circuit for preventing a generated signal indicative of the one of said first and second transistors not being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF from coupling to the driving means while the other transistor is being driven ON.

28. The circuit of claim 25, wherein the preventing means comprises an attenuator for attenuating the coupling of the transient voltage signal from the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to its associated generating means.

29. The circuit of claim 28, wherein the preventing means couples the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to the source of the same transistor while the other transistor is being driven ON so as to attenuate the transient voltage signal.

30. The circuit of claim 29, wherein the preventing means includes a transistor controlled by said means coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors.

31. The circuit of claim 25, wherein:

the first transistor monitoring means monitors the first transistor gate-to-source voltage to generate the first signal when the magnitude of the first transistor gate-to-source voltage is less than a first threshold voltage; and

the second transistor monitoring means monitors the second transistor gate-to-source voltage to generate the second signal when the magnitude of the second transistor gate-to-source voltage is less than a second threshold voltage.

32. The circuit of claim 31, wherein the first transistor comprises a p-channel field effect transistor and the second transistor comprises a n-channel field effect transistor.

33. The circuit of claim 32, wherein the first transistor monitoring means and the second transistor monitoring means are comparators.

34. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of the transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load, the circuit adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON, the driver circuit comprising:

a first circuit coupled to the first transistor for generating a first signal responsive to a determination that the first transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

a second circuit coupled to the second transistor for generating a second signal responsive to a determination that the second transistor has entered an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

third circuit coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal, and to the first and second signals, so that (1) the first transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second signal is also present, and (2) the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present; and

a fourth circuit for preventing a capacitively-induced transient signal from one of the first and second transistors from affecting the turning ON of the other transistor,

whereby the drive to each of the first and second transistors is inhibited until the other transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

35. The circuit of claim 34, wherein the first and second transistors are field effect transistors, each having a gate terminal as the control terminal, and an associated gate-to-source voltage.

36. The circuit of claim 35, wherein the transient signal is a transient voltage signal induced on the gate of the one of said first and second transistors.

37. The circuit of claim 36, wherein the fourth circuit is coupled between the gate of the one of said first and second transistors and its associated circuit for generating a signal responsive to an OFF determination.

38. The circuit of claim 37, wherein the fourth circuit comprises an attenuator for attenuating the coupling of the transient voltage signal from the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to its associated circuit for generating a signal responsive to an OFF determination.

39. The circuit of claim 38, wherein the fourth circuit couples the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to the source of the same transistor while the other transistor is being driven ON so as to attenuate the transient voltage signal.

40. The circuit of claim 39, wherein the fourth circuit includes a transistor controlled by said third circuit.

41. The circuit of claim 36, wherein the preventing means is coupled between the monitoring means of the one of said first and second transistors and the driving means.

42. The circuit of claim 41, wherein the preventing means comprises a logic circuit for preventing a generated signal indicative of the one of said first and second transistors not being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF from coupling to the driving means while the other transistor is being driven ON.

43. A method for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of the transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load, the circuit adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting when the first transistor is in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF to responsively generate a first signal;

(b) detecting when the second transistor is in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF to responsively generate a second signal;

(c) preventing the first transistor from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the first state and the second signal is also present, and preventing the second transistor from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the first signal is also present; and

(d) preventing a capacitively-induced transient signal from one of the first and second transistors from affecting the turning ON of the other transistor,

whereby the drive to each of the first and second transistors is inhibited until the other transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein the first and second transistors are field effect transistors, each having a gate terminal as the control terminal, and an associated gate-to-source voltage.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the transient signal is a transient voltage signal induced on the gate of the one of said first and second transistors.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein step (d) includes the step of attenuating the coupling of the transient voltage signal from the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to its associated monitoring means.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein step (d) includes the step of coupling the gate of the one of said first and second transistors to ground while said other transistor is being driven ON so as to attenuate the transient voltage signal.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the gate of the one of said first and second transistors is coupled to ground by controlling turning ON a transistor coupled between the gate of the one of said first and second transistors and ground.

49. The method of claim 45, wherein step (d) includes the step of preventing a generated signal indicative of the one of said first and second transistors not being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF from coupling to the driving means while the other transistor is being driven ON.

50. A circuit for alternately driving first and second transistors, each transistor having a control terminal for receiving a transistor drive signal, at least one of the transistors having a terminal coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load, the circuit comprising:

a driver input adapted for receiving a driver input signal having a first state intended to turn the first transistor ON and the second transistor OFF, and a second state intended to turn the first transistor OFF and the second transistor ON;

a first circuit for monitoring the first transistor to generate an "OFF" signal indicative of that transistor being in an operational state that can be considered substantially OFF;

a second circuit coupled to the control terminals of the first and second transistors for driving the transistors in response to the driver input signal and to the "OFF" signal, so that the second transistor is prevented from being driven ON until the driver input signal is in the second state and the "OFF" signal is also present; and

a third circuit for preventing a capacitively-induced transient signal from one of the first transistor from affecting the turning ON of the second transistor,

whereby the drive to the second transistor is inhibited until the first transistor is considered to be substantially OFF.

51. The circuit of claim 50, wherein the first and second transistors are coupled in series between two supply terminals, each transistor having a first terminal coupled to a different one of the supply terminals and a second terminal commonly coupled to an output terminal adapted to be coupled to a load.

52. The circuit of claim 51, wherein the third circuit is coupled between the first transistor and the first circuit.

53. The circuit of claim 51, wherein the third circuit is coupled between the first circuit and the second circuit.