Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking
First Claim
1. A surgical planning system, comprising:
- means for inputting first data specifying cross-sectional images of a region of tissue into which a device is to be implanted;
means for inputting second data specifying a three dimensional representation of the device; and
data processor means, responsive to inputs from an operator of the system and to the first data and the second data, for interactively superimposing a cross-sectional image of the three dimensional representation of the device to be implanted upon an operator selected cross-sectional image of the region of tissue, the data processor means including means for displaying superimposed cross-sectional images to the operator, the data processor means further including means for developing a surgical data file containing data for specifying a location of a quantity of tissue to be removed from the region of tissue in order to implant the device at an operator-selected location within the region of tissue.
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Abstract
A robotic surgical system (10) includes a multiple degree of freedom manipulator arm (14) having a surgical tool (22). The arm is coupled to a controller (24) for controllably positioning the surgical tool within a three dimensional coordinate system. The system further includes a safety monitoring processor (38) for determining the position of the surgical tool in the three dimensional coordinate system relative to a volumetric model. The volumetric model may be represented as a constructive solid geometry (CSG) tree data structure. The system further includes an optical tracking camera system (28,32) disposed for imaging a region of space that includes at least a portion of the manipulator arm. An output of the camera system is coupled to the processor (38) that processes the volumetric model for determining if the surgical tool is positioned outside of the volumetric model. The system further includes a strain gage (40) for detecting slippage in three dimensions between an immobilized tissue, such as bone, and a reference point (44). The system also includes multiple and redundant safety features for suspending a motion of the surgical tool to prevent the tool from operating outside of the predetermined volume of space.
1953 Citations
10 Claims
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1. A surgical planning system, comprising:
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means for inputting first data specifying cross-sectional images of a region of tissue into which a device is to be implanted; means for inputting second data specifying a three dimensional representation of the device; and data processor means, responsive to inputs from an operator of the system and to the first data and the second data, for interactively superimposing a cross-sectional image of the three dimensional representation of the device to be implanted upon an operator selected cross-sectional image of the region of tissue, the data processor means including means for displaying superimposed cross-sectional images to the operator, the data processor means further including means for developing a surgical data file containing data for specifying a location of a quantity of tissue to be removed from the region of tissue in order to implant the device at an operator-selected location within the region of tissue. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method for operating a surgical planning system, comprising the steps of:
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inputting first data to the system for specifying cross-sectional images of a region of tissue into which a device is to be implanted; inputting second data to the system for specifying a three dimensional representation of the device to be implanted; in response to inputs from an operator of the system and in accordance with the inputted first data and the inputted second data, interactively superimposing cross-sectional images of the three dimensional representation of the device to be implanted upon selected cross-sectional images of the region of tissue at operator-selectable locations within the region of tissue while displaying the superimposed images to the operator; and
developing a surgical data file containing data for specifying a location of a quantity of tissue to be removed from the region of tissue in order to implant the device at an operator-selected location within the region of tissue. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A surgical planning and execution system, comprising:
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means for inputting first data specifying cross-sectional images of a region of tissue into which a device is to be implanted; means for inputting second data specifying a three dimensional representation of the device; and data processor means, responsive to input from an operator of the system and to the first data and the second data, for interactively superimposing a cross-sectional image of the three dimensional representation of the device to be implanted upon an operator selected cross-sectional image of the region of tissue, the data processor means including means for displaying superimposed cross-sectional images to the operator, the data processor means further including means for developing a surgical data file containing data for specifying a location of a quantity of tissue to be removed from the region of tissue in order to implant the device at an operator-selected location within the region of tissue; and a robotic surgical system, the robotic surgical system comprising multiple degree of freedom manipulator arm means including a surgical tool, the manipulator arm means being coupled to means for controllably positioning the surgical tool within a three dimensional surgical coordinate system; wherein the means for controllably positioning the surgical tool is responsive to the developed surgical data file for removing the specified quantity of tissue with the surgical tool.
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Specification