Recovery of protein, protein isolate and/or starch from cereal grains
First Claim
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1. A process for recovering protein from cereal grains containing starch and protein bound into a matrix, the process comprising the steps of:
- grinding said grains to a particle size appropriate for introduction to a wet attrition mill;
defatting said grain;
wet attrition milling particles of said grain to a size sufficiently small to break the bond between starch and protein, thenextracting the broken bond protein from the starch with at least one solvent, thenseparating the resulting high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein from the resulting high solids content portion containing the starch, and thensubjecting the high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein to continuous cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituent,concentrating the protein constituent into a dry powder.
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Abstract
The protein/starch bond is broken mechanically by wet attrition milling rather than by cooking or with chemicals alone. The grain particles are milled to a particle size sufficiently small to break the bond between starch and protein and sufficiently large to retain substantially all of the starch granules intact. The protein is then extracted with ethanol and alkali solvents, separated and dried to form protein and/or protein isolate. The intact starch granules are cleaned and dried.
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Citations
35 Claims
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1. A process for recovering protein from cereal grains containing starch and protein bound into a matrix, the process comprising the steps of:
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grinding said grains to a particle size appropriate for introduction to a wet attrition mill; defatting said grain; wet attrition milling particles of said grain to a size sufficiently small to break the bond between starch and protein, then extracting the broken bond protein from the starch with at least one solvent, then separating the resulting high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein from the resulting high solids content portion containing the starch, and then subjecting the high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein to continuous cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituent, concentrating the protein constituent into a dry powder. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6)
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2. A process for recovering protein from corn comprising the steps of:
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grinding said corn to a particle size appropriate for introduction to a wet attrition mill; defatting said corn; wet attrition milling particles of said corn to a size sufficiently small to break the bond between starch and protein, then extracting the broken bond protein from the starch with at least one solvent, then separating the resulting high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein from the resulting high solids content portion containing the starch, and then subjecting the high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein to continuous cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituent, concentrating the protein constituent into a dry powder.
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7. A process for recovering protein from cereal grains comprising the steps of:
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grinding said grains to a particle size appropriate for introduction to a wet attrition mill; defatting said grain; adding water to ground particulate vegetable matter obtained from said cereal grains containing bound together protein and starch for making a first slurry in which the vegetable matter constitutes up to about 35 percent of the first slurry by weight, passing the first slurry through an attrition mill and grinding the particulate vegetable matter to a particle size effective to break, by physical action, the bond between protein and starch in the vegetable matter, adding alcohol to the milled slurry for making extraction slurry in which the alcohol constitutes at least about 50 percent of the extraction slurry be weight, adjusting the pH of the extraction slurry to a range of from about 9 to about 12, permitting the pH adjusted slurry to dwell for a sufficient time interval to cause solubilization of protein, then separating the pH adjusted slurry into high solids content and high liquid content portions, subjecting the high liquid content portion of the pH adjusted slurry which contains the solubilized protein to continuous cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituent, and then concentrating and drying the protein constituent in order to form a protein isolate. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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8. A process for producing protein isolate from corn comprising the steps of:
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grinding corn to a particle size appropriate for defatting and the introduction to a wet attrition mill, then defatting said corn, then adding water to the ground corn particles for making a first slurry having corn constituting from about 30 to about 35 weight percent of the first slurry, passing the first slurry through a wet attrition mill and grinding the corn particles to a particle size effective to break the bond between protein and starch in the corn particles by physical actions, then adding alcohol to the milled slurry for making an extraction slurry in which the alcohol constitutes at least about 50 percent of the extraction slurry by weight, adjusting the pH of the extraction slurry to a range of from about 9 to about 12, permitting the pH adjusted slurry to dwell for a sufficient time interval to cause solubilization of protein, then separating the pH adjusted slurry into high solids content and high liquid content portions, subjecting the high liquid content portion of the pH adjusted slurry which contains the solubilized protein to continuous cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituent, and then concentrating and drying the protein constituent in order to form a protein isolate.
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20. A process for producing protein isolate from high lysine corn, comprising the steps of:
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grinding high lysine corn having prolamine, glutelin, sugar and starch constituents into particles appropriate for defatting and the introduction to a wet attrition mill, then defatting the corn; adding water to the ground corn particles for making a slurry having corn particles constituting from about 30 to about 35 weight percent of the slurry; passing the slurry through an attrition mill and grinding the corn particles to a sufficiently fine particle size to mechanically break the chemical bond between the prolamine and glutelin and starch constitutents by physical action;
thenextracting the prolamine and glutelin constituents of the corn from the attrition milled particles into a solution;
thenseparating the milled slurry into a high solids content portion containing starch and a high liquid content portion which contains the extracted prolamine and glutelin constituents of the corn; subjecting the high liquid content portion of the milled slurry to continuous cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituents; and
thenconcentrating and drying the protein constituents to form the protein isolate.
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21. A process for producing protein and intact starch granules from cereal grains, comprising the steps of:
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a) grinding the cereal grain to a particle size in the range of from about one-sixteenth to about three-sixteenths-inch nominal diameter; b) defatting said grain; c) adding water to the ground grain particles for making a slurry in which the grain constitutes from about 25% to about 35% by weight of the slurry; d) passing the slurry through a wet attrition mill and further milling the ground grain particles to a particle size sufficiently small to break the bond between starch and protein and sufficiently large to retain substantially all of the starch granules intact by physical actions; e) adding alcohol to the milled slurry for making an extraction slurry in which the alcohol constitutes at least about 50% of the extraction slurry by weight; f) adjusting the pH of the extraction slurry to a range of from about 9 to about 12; g) permitting the pH adjusted slurry to dwell for a sufficient interval to cause solubilization of protein; h) separating the resulting high liquid content portion containing the extracted protein and the resulting high solids content portion containing the starch granules; i) subjecting the high liquid content portion which contains the solubilized protein to cross-flow microfiltration with inorganic membranes for isolating the protein constituent; j) concentrating and drying the protein constituent in order to form a protein product; and k) cleaning and drying the starch granules. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A process for producing protein isolate from cereal grains containing starch and protein bound into a matrix, comprising the steps of:
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grinding the grain to a particle size in the range of from about one-sixteenth to about three-sixteenths-inch nominal diameter; defatting the ground grain particles; adding water to the ground grain particles for making a first slurry having grain constituting up to about 35 weight % of the first slurry; passing the first slurry through a wet attrition mill and grinding the grain particles to a particle size effective to break the bond between protein and starch in the grain by physical actions; adding alcohol to the milled slurry for making an extraction slurry in which the alcohol constitutes at least about 50% of the extraction slurry by weight; adjusting the pH of the extraction slurry to a range of from about 9 to about 12; permitting the pH adjusted slurry to dwell for a sufficient time interval to cause solubilization of protein; separating the resulting slurry into high solids content and high liquid content portions; subjecting the high liquid content portion of the resulting slurry which contains the solubilized protein to microfiltration and diafiltration for isolating the protein constituent; concentrating and drying the protein constituent in order to form a protein isolate. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35)
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Specification